European journal of clinical nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Consumption of industrial and ruminant trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence from observational studies assessing the association between intake of trans fatty acids (TFA) and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), with a specific emphasis on distinguishing between TFA of industrial and ruminant origin. By searching five bibliographic databases, analyses from six published and two unpublished prospective cohort studies, assessing the association of intake of TFA with fatal and/or non-fatal CHD, were identified. Four and three studies reported separate associations for intake of ruminant or industrial-TFA, respectively. ⋯ Ruminant-TFA intake (increments ranging from 0.5 to 1.9 g/day) was not significantly associated with risk of CHD (risk ratio (RR)=0.92 (0.76-1.11); P=0.36), and neither was industrial-TFA intake, although there was a trend towards a positive association (RR=1.21 (0.97-1.50); P=0.09). In conclusion, our analysis suggests that industrial-TFA may be positively related to CHD, whereas ruminant-TFA is not, but the limited number of available studies prohibits any firm conclusions concerning whether the source of TFA is important. The null association of ruminant-TFA with CHD risk may be due to lower intake levels.
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Recent studies have shown that a high breast volume predicts visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and risk for type 2 diabetes independently of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). To investigate the relationships between breast adipose tissue (BrAT), body fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors. ⋯ Our results indicate that high BrAT reflects a phenotype with increased SAT(trunk) and low SAT(legs). BrAT showed no independent relationships with VAT and cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Comparative Study
Raw and processed fruit and vegetable consumption and 10-year stroke incidence in a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands.
Prospective cohort studies have shown that high fruit and vegetable consumption is related to a lower risk of stroke. Whether food processing affects this association is unknown. We evaluated the associations of raw and processed fruit and vegetable consumption independently from each other with 10-year stroke incidence and stroke subtypes in a prospective population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. ⋯ High intake of raw fruit and vegetables may protect against stroke. No association was found between processed fruit and vegetable consumption and incident stroke.