European journal of clinical nutrition
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Patients receiving parenteral nutrition are at risk of septicaemia. Intestinal dysmotility and impaired gut immunity due to parenteral nutrition promote bacterial overgrowth. Gut overgrowth with aerobic Gram-negative bacilli (AGNB) impairs systemic immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of gut overgrowth with AGNB in the pathogenesis of septicaemia related to parenteral nutrition. ⋯ The incidence of septicaemia was significantly greater in the subset of abnormal carriers. Although gut overgrowth with abnormal flora reflects illness severity, the fact that it preceded septicaemia implicates AGNB overgrowth, per se, as a contributory factor in the development of septicaemia related to parenteral nutrition. Prevention is unlikely to be successful if it ignores the abnormal flora.
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The widespread use of long-term enteral nutrition and the substantive costs dictate a need to study outcome, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these patients. The aim of our study was to analyze incidence, clinical and biochemical characteristics of a cohort of patients on home enteral nutrition (HEN). ⋯ In conclusion, HEN is a valid and safe technique for nutrition support, with a good clinical outcome in our area.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Reduction in plasma total homocysteine through increasing folate intake in healthy individuals is not associated with changes in measures of antioxidant activity or oxidant damage.
Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the association between plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and risk of cardiovascular disease, including oxidative activity of homocysteine. ⋯ In healthy individuals lowering plasma tHcy does not have any functional implications regarding oxidative damage.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The effects of fiber enrichment of pasta and fat content on gastric emptying, GLP-1, glucose, and insulin responses to a meal.
To assess whether the addition of viscous fiber at an amount recommended by the US FDA to allow a 'low saturated fat, cholesterol, soluble fiber and coronary heart disease', health claim label on a food package (1.7 g psyllium) and/or fat (30 g sunflower oil and 3 g sodium propionate) to a pasta meal would affect gastric emptying, postprandial glucose, insulin and GLP-1 concentrations. ⋯ A dose of 1.7 g psyllium did not evoke measurable effects on gastric emptying, postprandial GLP-1, insulin or glucose metabolism. However the addition of 30 g of oil and 3 g of sodium propionate to the pasta did reduce gastric emptying, increase GLP-1 and reduce glucose and insulin concentrations. While this short-term study may have implications in terms of reducing the risk of diabetes and improving coronary risk factor profiles the long term effects of these nutrients need to be studied.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
A digestive tolerance study of maltitol after occasional and regular consumption in healthy humans.
We aimed to evaluate the gastro-intestinal tolerance to an indigestible bulking sweetener containing sugar alcohol using a double-blind random cross-over study. ⋯ Under our experimental conditions, in comparison to sucrose: (a) occasional or regular consumption of maltitol is not associated with severe digestive symptoms; (b) in both patterns of maltitol consumption, diarrhea frequency is higher, but it appeared only for very high doses of maltitol, much greater than those currently used; (c) maltitol does not lead to intestinal flora adaptation after a 9 day period of consumption.