European journal of clinical nutrition
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Assessment of a modified household food weighing method in a study of bone health in China.
A 'modified' household dietary method to estimate individual intakes from total household intakes was evaluated in comparison to the individual food weighing method, i.e. direct weighing of foods consumed by individuals. ⋯ The results indicate that the modified household method is appropriate for assessing food intakes of individuals in large nutritional studies.
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Comparative Study
Is children's or parents' coffee or tea consumption associated with the risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus in children? Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group.
The study was carried out to determine whether coffee or tea consumption by the child before diagnosis of diabetes or consumption by parents at the time of the child's conception or during pregnancy was associated with the risk for childhood type 1 diabetes. ⋯ We observed an increased risk for type 1 diabetes in the children who consumed coffee or tea regularly.
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A workshop held 6 years ago examined the epidemiology and natural history of stunting in Third World children. Although this condition is extremely common and is usually regarded as a manifestation of chronic malnutrition, in fact almost nothing is known about its causes and mechanisms in nutritional, biochemical, or metabolic terms. The objective of the present workshop is to fill these gaps and to identify, if possible, critical mechanisms by which environmental factors might affect linear growth. An example is described of a longitudinal study which attempted to examine, in more detail than has been done before, what is happening to children during the process of becoming stunted.
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The growth literature from developing countries is reviewed to assess the extent to which stunting, a phenomenon of early childhood, can be reversed in later childhood and adolescence. The potential for catch-up growth increases as maturation is delayed and the growth period is prolonged. ⋯ Improvements in living conditions, as through food supplementation or through adoption, trigger catch-up growth but do so more effectively in the very young. One study cautions that in older adopted subjects, accelerated growth may accelerate maturation, shorten the growth period and lead to short adult stature.
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The etiology of the early onset of stunting is diverse among populations of varying biological, environmental and cultural circumstances. This is exemplified within the Nutrition CRSP project, which took place in three different populations and ecological conditions. Within each study area a different mix and varying proportions of causative factors were identified. ⋯ The early use of supplemental feeding in Kenya is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, there is a slight increase in febrile illness and possible displacement of breast milk intake in the supplemented infants, although mothers do not decrease breast feeding frequency and duration. On the other hand, even the modest amounts of available zinc and B12 in supplemental foods appear to have a positive effect on linear growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)