Surgical endoscopy
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Laparoscopic surgery demands mastery of a steep learning curve. Defining a learning curve in laparoscopic surgery is useful for planning training programs or clinical trials. This study aimed to define the learning curves for laparoscopic sigmoidectomy used to manage curable sigmoid colon cancer by evaluating early surgical outcome data from three colorectal surgeons. ⋯ Pertinent learning curves for laparoscopic sigmoidectomy used to manage curable sigmoid colon cancer can be generated using the moving average method and CUSUM analysis. These results are likely to be useful in designing laparoscopic training programs and clinical trials aimed at investigating outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.
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There is increasing interest in the use of virtual-reality simulators in general surgery residency training. Many simulators lack a benchmark against which trainees can measure competence and skill. ⋯ Performance on a virtual-reality endoscopic simulator has a wide amount of variability even among a group of experienced endoscopists. Expert benchmark tests should be performed on simulators that will be used for resident assessment prior to any attempts at certification of competence.
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This study was conducted to validate the role of virtual reality computer simulation as an objective method for assessing laparoscopic technical skills. The authors aimed to investigate whether performance in the operating room, assessed using a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS), correlated with the performance parameters registered by a virtual reality laparoscopic trainer (LapSim). ⋯ The current study demonstrated significant correlations between operative performance in the operating room (assessed using a well-validated rating scale) and psychomotor performance in virtual environment assessed by a computer simulator. This provides strong evidence for the validity of the simulator system as an objective tool for assessing laparoscopic skills. Virtual reality simulation can be used in practice to assess technical skills relevant for minimally invasive surgery.
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Detailed relations between lymph nodes and lymph flow can be clarified by three-dimensional computed tomographic (3D-CT) lymphangiography. Systematic collection of lymph nodes based on 3D-CT lymphangiography can decrease unnecessary lymph node dissection and attendant complications. ⋯ Absence of metastasis in the second and third SLNs, even in patients with SLN metastasis, obviates the need for dissection of more nodes.