Molecular and cellular biochemistry
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Mol. Cell. Biochem. · Oct 2014
Evidence that glycine induces lipid peroxidation and decreases glutathione concentrations in rat cerebellum.
Patients with non-ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) present severe neurological symptoms and brain abnormalities involving cerebellum. Although the pathomechanisms underlying the cerebellum damage have not been studied, high tissue levels of glycine (GLY), the biochemical hallmark of this disorder have been suggested to contribute to the neuropathology of this disease. We investigated the in vitro effects of GLY on important parameters of oxidative stress and energy metabolism in cerebellum of 30-day-old rats. ⋯ In contrast, GLY did not alter the protein carbonyl formation and total and protein-bound sulfhydryl group content, as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Furthermore, GLY did not alter the activities of the respiratory chain complexes and creatine kinase. Our present data indicate that oxidative stress elicited by GLY in vitro may be a potential pathomechanism involved in the cerebellar dysfunction observed in NKH.
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Mol. Cell. Biochem. · Oct 2014
Effect of troxerutin on insulin signaling molecules in the gastrocnemius muscle of high fat and sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic adult male rat.
Troxerutin is a trihydroxyethylated derivative of the flavonoid, rutin. It has been reported to possess the hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperlipidemic activities. Troxerutin treatment reduced the blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in high-cholesterol-induced insulin-resistant mice and in type-2 diabetic patients. ⋯ Diabetic rats showed impairment in insulin signaling molecules (IR, p-IRS-1(Tyr632), p-Akt(Ser473), β-arrestin-2, c-Src, p-AS160(Thr642), and GLUT4 proteins), glycogen concentration, glucose uptake, and oxidation. Oral administration of troxerutin showed near normal levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, and insulin signaling molecules as well as GLUT4 proteins in type-2 diabetic rats. It is concluded from the present study that troxerutin may play a significant role in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus, by improving the insulin signaling molecules and glucose utilization in the skeletal muscle.