Journal of neurotrauma
-
Journal of neurotrauma · Feb 2019
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Protects Cerebral Autoregulation and Reduces Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Necrosis after Traumatic Brain Injury in Newborn and Juvenile Pigs.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to morbidity in children, and boys are disproportionately represented. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is reduced and autoregulation is impaired after TBI, contributing to poor outcome. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is often normalized by use of vasoactive agents to increase mean arterial pressure (MAP). ⋯ Protection lasted for at least 2 h after iNO administration was stopped. Papaverine-induced dilation was unchanged by TBI and iNO. These data indicate that iNO offers the opportunity to have a single therapeutic that uniformly protects autoregulation and limits hippocampal neuronal cell necrosis across both ages and sexes.
-
Journal of neurotrauma · Feb 2019
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyDetermining if Cerebrospinal Fluid Prevents Recurrence of Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Multi-Center Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.
Over the decades, the problem of postoperative recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) has not been resolved. The objective of our study was to investigate whether the recurrence rate of CSDH is decreased when artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACF) is used as irrigation solution for CSDH surgery. The present study was a multi-center, prospective, randomized, open parallel group comparison test of patients enrolled from 10 hospitals in Japan. ⋯ No serious adverse effects related to irrigation fluid were seen in either group. Regarding the irrigation fluid for CSDH surgery, no differences in recurrence rate or time to recurrence were seen between the ACF and NS groups. However, ACF offers sufficient safety as irrigation fluid for CSDH.
-
Journal of neurotrauma · Feb 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialOutcomes after Concussion Recovery Education: Effects of Litigation and Disability Status on Maintenance of Symptoms.
This study examined the hypothesis that people who receive concussion recovery education would have better outcomes than those who received usual discharge paperwork from the emergency department (ED) and tested whether participants who were in litigation or seeking disability compensation had more symptoms than individuals not engaged in these activities. Two hundred and fifty-five persons with a diagnosis of concussion were assigned randomly to a brief education group (one-page double-sided document), a longer education group (10-page document), and usual care (standard ED discharge instructions), and were these documents in the ED. A (non-concussion) trauma comparison group was enrolled to determine the symptom rate unrelated to brain injury. ⋯ Number of symptoms on the CSC for the trauma control group was the same as those who sustained concussion. Type of recovery material was not as important as noting that concussion symptoms resolve over time, and that remaining symptoms are not specific to brain injury. Litigation and disability seeking behavior accounted for maintained symptoms, rather than the concussion itself.
-
Journal of neurotrauma · Feb 2019
Alterations of Parenchymal Microstructure, Neuronal Connectivity, and Cerebrovascular Resistance at Adolescence after Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Development.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity in children. To investigate outcome of early developmental TBI during adolescence, a rat model of fluid percussion injury was developed, where previous work reported deficits in sensorimotor behavior and cortical blood flow at adolescence.1 Based on the nonlocalized outcome, we hypothesized that multiple neurophysiological components of brain function, namely neuronal connectivity, synapse/axonal microstructural integrity, and neurovascular function, are altered and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods could be used to determine regional alterations. Adolescent outcomes of developmental TBI were studied 2 months after injury, using functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). fMRI-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), representing neural connectivity, was significantly altered between sham and TBI. ⋯ TBI-induced corpus callosal microstructural alterations indicated measurable changes in interhemispheric structural connectivity. Hippocampus, thalamus, and select cortical regions were most consistently affected in multiple imaging markers. The multi-modal MRI results demonstrate cortical and subcortical alterations in neural connectivity, cerebrovascular resistance, and parenchymal microstructure in the adolescent brain, indicating the highly diffuse and persistent nature of the lateral fluid percussion TBI early in development.
-
Journal of neurotrauma · Feb 2019
Chemogenomics Systems Pharmacology Mapping of Potential Drug Targets for Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Though the death rate of initial trauma has dramatically decreased, no drug has been developed to effectively limit the progression of the secondary injury caused by TBI. TBI appears to be a predisposing risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. ⋯ In particular, our results indicated that TRPV4, NEUROD1, and HPRT1 were among the top therapeutic target candidates for TBI, which are congruent with literature reports. Our analyses also suggested the strong associations between TBI and AD, as perturbations on AD-related genes, such as APOE, APP, PSEN1, and MAPT, can induce similar gene expression patterns as those of TBI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CSP-based gene expression profile analyses for predicting TBI-related drug targets, and the findings could be used to guide the design of new drugs targeting the secondary injury caused by TBI.