Journal of neurotrauma
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Journal of neurotrauma · Dec 2018
Adjudin Attenuates Cerebral Edema and Improves Neurological Function in Mice with Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury.
Adjudin, a small molecular compound that is used as a male contraceptive, has been reported to play a neuroprotective role in an ischemic stroke injury model. However, its effect on traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been assessed. Hence, we investigated the effects of adjudin on cerebral edema using a mouse model of TBI and explored the underlying mechanisms. ⋯ The Western blot results of the peritraumatic protein samples demonstrated that adjudin significantly blocked the phosphorylation of IKKα, IκBα/β, and NF-κB p65, which resulted in a reduction of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. In conclusion, adjudin attenuated the development of TBI-induced cerebral edema at least partly via anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. These findings suggest that adjudin is a potential therapeutic intervention preventing the development of cerebral edema after TBI.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Dec 2018
Hypernatremia and Coagulopathy May or May Not Be Useful Clinical Biomarkers in Dogs with Head Trauma: A Retrospective Study.
This study was performed to evaluate clinical biomarkers as prognostic values in dogs with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on findings in human patients. Sodium levels of 158 dogs with TBI and 169 patients with trauma without involvement of the head except head trauma (EHT) were examined. TBI patients with hypernatremia had a slightly higher risk of dying (22.03 %) than dogs with normal sodium levels (19.76%). ⋯ However, in cases with severe TBI, dog owners often elect euthanasia before severe hypernatremia can be measured. Late PTE was observed in cases with initial hyponatremia. Because of a significant correlation between PTT/PT and MGCS, coagulopathy might be considered as a prognostic clinical biomarker in canine TBI patients.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Dec 2018
Validation of Intracranial Pressure-Derived Cerebrovascular Reactivity Indices against the Lower Limit of Autoregulation, Part II: Experimental Model of Arterial Hypotension.
The aim of this work was to explore the relationship between intracranial pressure (ICP)-derived indices of cerebrovascular reactivity and the lower limit of autoregulation (LLA) during arterial hypotension. We retrospectively reviewed recorded physiological data from piglets that underwent controlled hypotension. Hypotension was induced by inflation of a balloon catheter in the inferior vena cava. ⋯ CPP at clinically relevant thresholds for PRx, PAx, and RAC displayed weak associations with the LLA, indicating that thresholds defined in TBI may not apply to a model of arterial hypotension. ROC analysis indicated that PRx, PAx, and RAC predicted the LLA, with AUCs of: 0.806 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.750-0.863; p < 0.0001), 0.726 (95% CI, 0.664-0.789; p < 0.0001), and 0.710 (95% CI, 0.646-0.775; p < 0.0001), respectively. Three ICP-derived continuous indices of cerebrovascular reactivity, PRx, PAx, and RAC, were validated against the LLA within this experimental model of arterial hypotension, with PRx being superior.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Dec 2018
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Department of Defense Sport-Related Concussion Common Data Elements Version 1.0 Recommendations.
Through a partnership with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, and Department of Defense, the development of Sport-Related Concussion (SRC) Common Data Elements (CDEs) was initiated. The aim of this collaboration was to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical research studies and clinical treatment outcomes, increase data quality, facilitate data sharing across studies, reduce study start-up time, more effectively aggregate information into metadata results, and educate new clinical investigators. The SRC CDE Working Group consisted of 32 worldwide experts in concussion from varied fields of related expertise divided into three Subgroups: Acute (<72 h post-concussion), Subacute (3 days-3 months post-concussion) and Persistent/Chronic (>3 months post-concussion). ⋯ The recommendations include Core and Supplemental-Highly Recommended CDEs for cognitive data elements and symptom checklists, as well as other outcomes and end-points (e.g., vestibular, oculomotor, balance, anxiety, depression), and sample case report forms (e.g., injury reporting, demographics, concussion history) for domains typically included in clinical research studies. The NINDS SRC CDEs and supporting documents are publicly available on the NINDS CDE website www.commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov. Widespread use of CDEs by researchers and clinicians will facilitate consistent SRC clinical research and trial design, data sharing, and metadata retrospective analysis.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Dec 2018
Neutralization of Interleukin-1β following Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury in the Mouse Attenuates the Loss of Mature Oligodendrocytes.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly results in injury to the components of the white matter tracts, causing post-injury cognitive deficits. The myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (OLs) are vulnerable to TBI, although may potentially be replaced by proliferating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key mediator of the complex inflammatory response, and when neutralized in experimental TBI, behavioral outcome was improved. ⋯ The proliferation of OPCs in brain-injured animals was not altered, however. Our data suggest that IL-1β is involved in the TBI-induced loss of OLs and early microglia/macrophage activation, although not the OPC proliferation. Attenuated oligodendrocyte cell loss may contribute to the improved behavioral outcome observed by IL-1β neutralization in this mouse model of diffuse TBI.