Journal of neurotrauma
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Journal of neurotrauma · Dec 2007
Serum biomarker concentrations and outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury.
Predicting outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important for providing information to families and prescribing rehabilitation services. The study objective was to assess whether biomarkers concentrations obtained at the time of injury are associated with outcome. Serial serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100B and myelin basic protein (MBP) were measured in 152 children with acute TBI. ⋯ Using binary logistic regression to evaluate the simultaneous affect of all biomarkers on outcome, there was significant overall model fit predicting a dichotomous GOS from biomarker concentrations with a 77% correct classification rate and a negative and positive predictive value of 97% and 75%, respectively. We conclude that NSE, S100B, and MBP concentrations obtained at the time of TBI may be useful in predicting outcome. Future studies should focus on assessing the differential benefit of biomarkers compared with clinical variables and in assessing a continuous rather than categorical outcome variable.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Dec 2007
Characterization of the induced neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in primary sensory neurons following complete median nerve transection.
In this study, we examined characteristics of the neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive (NPY-LI) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons after complete median nerve transection (CMNT). With fluorogold (FG) injection into normal median nerves, numerous FG-labeled DRG neurons were localized predominantly in the C6 and C7 DRGs, where the focal regions were examined after CMNT. With NPY immunohistochemistry, a few NPY-LI neurons were detected in the ipsilateral but not contralateral DRGs after FG injection into the nerve. ⋯ Using double fluorescent dyes tracing, we detected that some of the injured DRG neurons were NPY-LI neurons that projected to the cuneate nucleus (CN). Following dorsal rhizotomy, our data indicated that after CMNT the induced NPY-LI fibers in the ipsilateral CN originated exclusively from the injured DRG neurons. Taken together, these findings suggest that injury-induced NPY-LI fibers in the CN may originate from the injured DRG neurons via the median primary afferent fibers, affect the excitability of cuneothalamic projection neurons (CTNs), and involve neuropathic sensation following CMNT.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Nov 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialMultiplex assessment of cytokine and chemokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid following severe pediatric traumatic brain injury: effects of moderate hypothermia.
This study performed a comprehensive analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine levels after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children using a multiplex bead array assay and to evaluate the effects of moderate hypothermia on cytokine levels. To this end, samples were collected during two prospective randomized controlled trials of therapeutic moderate hypothermia in pediatric TBI. Thirty-six children with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score of
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Journal of neurotrauma · Nov 2007
ReviewEarly excision and late excision of heterotopic ossification after traumatic brain injury are equivalent: a systematic review of the literature.
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common complication in patients with coma after brain injury. As the optimal timing of surgical resection is still controversial and unclear, a review of the literature was performed in order to determine the impact of early operation on recurrence rate and joint mobility. We identified all types of studies dealing with surgical excision of HO in patients after head injury in major medical and publishers' databases. ⋯ The predicted probability of recurrence after 13, 21, and 30 months of waiting was 9%, 14%, and 19%, respectively. The length of coma period and patient's neurologic deficit were statistically significant negative predictors for both recurrence rate and functional outcome. Although no conclusive inferences can be drawn from the identified studies, the available data do not support the concept that early excision triggers later recurrence.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Nov 2007
Platelet dysfunction in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
Coagulopathy is a common phenomenon in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a major contributor to a poor outcome. Thrombocytopenia is a strong negative prognostic factor in TBI, but bleeding tendency can be present even with a normal platelet count. We investigated platelet function in patients with TBI by means of modified thromboelastography (i.e., platelet mapping [TEG-PM]). ⋯ Patients with TBI develop platelet dysfunction, which most likely contributes to bleeding complications. The observed platelet dysfunction appears to involve the cyclooxygenase pathway. TEG-PM analysis can be used to identify patients with a high risk of bleeding complications.