Current opinion in anaesthesiology
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The aim of this review was to discuss recent developments in paediatric anaesthesia, which are particularly relevant to the practitioner involved in paediatric outpatient anaesthesia. ⋯ Perfect organization of the whole process is a prerequisite for successful paediatric outpatient anaesthesia. In addition, the skilled practitioner is able to provide a smooth anaesthetic, minimizing complications, and, finally, he has a clear concept for avoiding postoperative pain, agitation and vomiting.
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Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein has become a standard practice over recent years. Despite known benefits, ultrasound is less frequently used for other vascular applications probably because these are technically demanding and require more experience. The authors of this review focus on pitfalls of ultrasound guidance: most important practical aspects as well as nonroutine vascular applications are discussed. ⋯ Growing evidence suggests that routine utilization of ultrasound guidance is beneficial for all types of vascular access. The presence of a skilled operator and proper technique are, however, required to achieve success and avoid complications.