BMJ : British medical journal
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The "four principles plus scope" approach provides a simple, accessible, and culturally neutral approach to thinking about ethical issues in health care. The approach, developed in the United States, is based on four common, basic prima facie moral commitments--respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice--plus concern for their scope of application. It offers a common, basic moral analytical framework and a common, basic moral language. Although they do not provide ordered rules, these principles can help doctors and other health care workers to make decisions when reflecting on moral issues that arise at work.
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To assess effects of fallout from Chernobyl on incidence of childhood leukaemia in Finland. ⋯ An important increase in childhood leukaemia can be excluded. Any effect is smaller than eight extra cases per million children per year in Finland. The results are consistent with the magnitude of effect expected.
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Multicenter Study
Multicentre criterion based audit of the management of induced abortion in Scotland.
To assess and improve the quality of care provided to women undergoing induced abortion. ⋯ The prospective multicentre audit proved feasible and achieved the aims of any form of audit in terms of identifying deficiencies and variations in care. The audit results prompted objective review of local abortion services in participating hospitals. At least for some elements of care in some hospitals significant improvements were detectable.