Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
A Comparison of Systematic, Targeted and Combined Biopsy Using Machine Learning for Prediction of Prostate Cancer Risk: A Multi-Center Study.
The aims of the study were to construct a new prognostic prediction model for detecting prostate cancer (PCa) patients using machine-learning (ML) techniques and to compare those models across systematic and target biopsy detection techniques. ⋯ The RF model generated and presented an excellent prediction capability for the risk of PCa detected by targeted and combined biopsy compared to systematic biopsy alone. ML models can prevent missed PCa diagnoses by serving as a screening tool.
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Cannabinoid usage is widespread in the self-management of various medical ailments. However, adverse effects have been reported with use, especially pertaining to the gastrointestinal system in adults and aged patients. These range from nausea, vomiting, bloating, or abdominal pain. This systematic review of previously reported cannabis-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in the adult population from the literature provides an analysis of relevant data to enhance knowledge and awareness of this topic. ⋯ Potential limitations include small sample sizes, variation in research methodologies, varied studied designs, and limited availability of data on specific populations such as geriatric users. Further research is warranted to add to current evidence pertaining to this emerging topic of significance, fill the broad knowledge gaps and contribute to evidence-based guidelines for healthcare professionals, ensuring safe prescribing practices and provision of quality care.
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Meta Analysis
Are newer drugs better? An analysis of neonatal pharmacological treatments across generations.
We evaluated the relative effects of newer versus older medications for neonatal conditions and trends in margin of superiority across generations. ⋯ We found no evidence that newer generation medications in neonatal care are consistently more effective than older generation medications.
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This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the literature on the therapeutical application of bacteriophages. ⋯ Phage therapy has gained increasing interest over the years. RCTs on different indications suggest the safety of phage therapy; however, reasons why phage therapy is not yet well accepted are limitations in the study designs. For a successful translation into clinical practice researchers and clinicians should learn from the earlier experiences and consider issues such as the quality of phage preparation, sensitivity testing, titer and dosages, as well as access to the infection site and stability for standardized protocols and future trials.
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Avascular necrosis of femoral head (AVNFH) is a debilitating disease of the young, affecting the quality of life significantly and eventually leading to total hip replacement surgery. The disease is diagnosed clinico-radiologically and MRI is the investigation of choice to diagnose the early stages of the disease. There is neither an early biomarker for detection nor is there a permanent cure for the disease and most of the patients are managed with various combinations of surgical and medical management protocols. ⋯ The cell types involved include mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial and immune cells. Biochemical, hematological, histopathology, IHC, and other bone remodeling and degradation marker studies have been performed. A systems analysis using multi-omic data sets from published literature was carried out, the relevance of which is discussed to delineate potential mechanisms in etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and effective management of this debilitating disease.