Head & neck
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Mycotic pseudoaneurysm from the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) secondary to an invasive aspergillus sinusitis is rare. Surgical intervention with ICA ligation is generally accepted for most mycotic aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms. When presented with massive epistaxis due to a fungal aspergillus ICA invasion, mortality rates are high. ⋯ Endovascular embolization is a feasible and life-saving approach for emergent management of massive intractable epistaxis secondary to a complicated invasive fungal sinusitis.
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Case Reports
Fatal central venous air embolism: a rare complication of esophageal dilation by rendezvous.
Esophageal dilation by rendezvous is a useful technique for the treatment of complicated esophageal strictures. ⋯ To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of fatal venous air embolism after dilation by rendezvous.
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Comparative Study
Sonographic assessment of cervical lymphadenopathy: role of high-resolution and color Doppler imaging.
The objective of this article was to study the role of high frequency ultrasound and color Doppler imaging in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with cervical lymphadenopathy. ⋯ Sonographic findings have a high accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant cervical lymph nodes. An ultrasound scan can be used as the first-line imaging tool in the diagnostic evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy, especially in developing countries like India due to its ease, noninvasiveness, reproducibility, and cost effectiveness. It can also be used as an imaging tool for the guided aspirations. However, because of some overlapping in sonographic appearances of benign and malignant nodes, this modality may not have definite diagnostic values. But when combined with FNA, it has a very high sensitivity and specificity.
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Comparative Study
Percutaneous treatment of facial venous malformations: a matched comparison of alcohol and bleomycin sclerotherapy.
Venous malformations (VMs) are common vascular anomalies; 40% are found in the head and neck. Percutaneous sclerotherapy is 1 treatment of choice. ⋯ Alcohol has a slightly higher success rate and requires fewer treatment sessions. Bleomycin has a lower complication rate and less postprocedural swelling. Bleomycin treatment may be better tolerated and is thus preferred over alcohol sclerotherapy.
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Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) has recently been more frequently applied in thyroid surgery. However, concerns have been raised regarding the safety and optimal intensity of electrical nerve stimulation. ⋯ Electrical stimulation is safe during IONM in this porcine model. Minimal current that required generating the maximal evoked EMG, approximately 1 mA in this study, can be selected to minimize the risk of nerve damage and cardiopulmonary effects.