International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer
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Meta Analysis
Body mass index and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a clinical-based cohort and meta-analysis.
Growing evidence suggests that obesity, an established cause of renal cell cancer (RCC), may also be associated with a better prognosis. To evaluate the association between RCC survival and obesity, we analyzed a large cohort of patients with RCC and undertook a meta-analysis of the published evidence. We collected clinical and pathologic data from 1,543 patients who underwent nephrectomy for RCC between 1994 and 2008 with complete follow-up through 2008. ⋯ A multivariate analysis showed higher OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.29-0.68) and CSS (HR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.29-0.77] in obese patients than in normal weight patients. The meta-analysis further corroborated that high BMI significantly improved OS (HR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43-0.76), CSS (HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.48-0.74) and RFS (HR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30-0.81). Our study shows that preoperative BMI is an independent prognostic indicator for survival among patients with RCC.
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Diet and lifestyle influence colorectal adenoma recurrence. The role of dietary supplement use in colorectal adenoma recurrence remains controversial. In this prospective cohort study, we examined the association between dietary supplement use, total colorectal adenoma recurrence and advanced adenoma recurrence. ⋯ One-third of the total study population (n = 203) used a dietary supplement. Compared to no use, dietary supplement use was neither statistically significantly associated with total colorectal adenoma recurrence (HR = 1.03; 95% CI 0.79-1.34) nor with recurrent advanced adenomas (HR = 1.59; 95% CI 0.88-2.87). This prospective cohort study did not suggest an association between dietary supplement use and colorectal adenoma recurrence.
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In the recent years, fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a new modality for staging non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in detecting metastatic lesions in NSCLC patients. Meta-analysis methods were used to pool sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likehood ratios, diagnostic odd ratios and to construct a summary receiver-operating characteristic curve. ⋯ Totally, 56 studies involving 8,699 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivities and specificities of (18)F-FDG PET/CT were 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.78] and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.94) in determining mediastinal nodal staging; 0.71 (95% CI: 0.60-0.80) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77-0.88) in intrathoracic staging; 0.78 (95% CI: 0.64-0.87) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94) in intrathoracic staging on a per-node basis. For detecting extrathoracic metastases, the pooled sensitivities and specificities of (18)F-FDG PET/CT were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.47-0.93) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92-0.97) for all extrathoracic metastases; 0.91 (95% CI: 0.80-0.97) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.94-0.99) for bone metastases. (18)F-FDG PET/CT is beneficial in detecting lymph node metastases and extrathoracic metastases although PET/CT showed low sensitivity in detecting brain metastases. (18)F-FDG PET/CT confers significantly higher sensitivity and specificity than contrast-enhanced CT (both p < 0.01) and higher sensitivity than (18)F-FDG PET in staging NSCLC (p < 0.05).
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On theoretical grounds, nicotine has been implicated as a modifier of cancer progression. We investigated possible associations of smoking or use of Scandinavian moist snuff (snus) with survival after cancer among Swedish male construction workers. Snus use is associated with substantial exposure to nicotine but not to the combustion products in smoke. ⋯ As regards deaths due to other causes, exclusive smokers had higher relative risks than exclusive snus users (p = 0.03). A history of tobacco use, even exclusive use of the seemingly benign snus, is associated with moderately increased cancer-specific mortality. Although nicotine might play a role, the mechanisms warrant further investigation.
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The effectiveness of population-wide lung cancer screening strategies depends on the underlying natural course of lung cancer. We evaluate the expected stage distribution in the Mayo CT screening study under an existing simulation model of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression calibrated to the Mayo lung project (MLP). Within a likelihood framework, we evaluate whether the probability of 5-year NSCLC survival conditional on tumor diameter at detection depends significantly on screening detection modality, namely chest X-ray and computed tomography. ⋯ The probability of 5-year NSCLC survival conditional on tumor diameter depends significantly on detection modality (p-value = 0.0312). In our new model, selected solution sets having a median tumor diameter of 16.2-22.1 mm at cure threshold among aggressive NSCLCs predict both MLP and Mayo CT outcomes. We conclude that the median lung tumor diameter at cure threshold among aggressive NSCLCs in male smokers may be small (<20 mm).