Phytotherapy research : PTR
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Thrombin, hyperglycemia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been discovered to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the direct effect of bovine thrombin (BTh) on ROS production by human neutrophils and rodent macrophages and to investigate the effect of honey on BTh-induced ROS production from phagocytes. Professional phagocytes, i.e. neutrophils and macrophages, were stimulated by BTh and ROS production was measured in luminol/lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) assays. ⋯ Honey treatment of phagocytes activated by bovine thrombin showed effective suppression of oxidative respiratory burst monitored by the CL assay. In conclusion, it can be assumed that this direct action of BTh on phagocytes causing ROS production might exaggerate the inflammatory response at the site of atheromatous plaques. The suppressive activity of honey towards thrombin-induced ROS production by phagocytes could be beneficial in the interruption of the pathological progress of CVD and may play a cardioprotective role.
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Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo (LR) is a traditional drug used by Chinese minorities such as Tibetans, Mongolians and Na Xi with the beneficial effects of hemostasis and alleviating pain. Flavonoids ingredients (P(1)), iridoid glycosides ingredients (P(2)) and maximus polarity components ingredients (P(3)) were isolated from the aqueous extract of LR (AELR) with polyamide and macroporous adsorptive resins chromatographic columns. The hemostatic activity of these ingredients was estimated by the changes in bleeding time (BT), clotting time (CT) and blood coagulation parameters in mice or rats. ⋯ As a result, AELR and P(2) significantly shortened BT, CT and thrombin time (TT), and increased fibrinogen (FIB), but P(1) and P(3) showed no hemostatic effect during the experiment. Moreover, P(2) showed satisfactory hemostatic effect with dose-effect relationship and low toxicity in mice. 8-Dehydroxy shanzhiside, phloyoside II, shanzhiside methylester, loganin, and 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methylester were detected as the main iridoid glycosides in P(2) by RP-HPLC. Our results suggest that iridoid glycosides may be the hemostatic activity ingredients of L. rotata and are a potential hemostatic medicine.