Journal of internal medicine
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Comparative Study
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on total and free 25 hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone. An analysis of two randomized controlled trials.
It is questionable as to whether total serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (T25D) levels are lower in African Americans. We measured serum T25D, free 25hydroxyvitamin D (F25D) and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) in African American and Caucasian women and studied the effect of vitamin D dosing to determine if differences by race or age occur. ⋯ Serum F25D and T25D are lower in younger African American women, and since dietary vitamin D is similar in the groups, it is likely that the cause of low serum 25OHD in African American women is due to reduced UV exposure and reduced skin production of vitamin D.
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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and hyperlipidaemia are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the association between OSA and prevalence of hyperlipidaemia in patients of the European Sleep Apnea Database (ESADA) cohort. ⋯ Obstructive sleep apnoea, in particular intermittent hypoxia, was independently associated with the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia diagnosis.
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There is limited evidence on the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine childhood immunization programmes (PCV-CIP) on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in individuals with underlying diseases. ⋯ This emphasizes that direct preventive interventions should be targeted towards individuals with underlying diseases. Future studies should investigate reasons for the observed increased risk in adults with comorbidities, for example due to pneumococcal nonvaccine serotypes, or other pathogens, preferentially affecting subjects with underlying diseases.