Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry
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To assess the relationship between near work, outdoor activity, and refractive error in schoolchildren in Beijing. ⋯ Higher levels of outdoor activity were associated with less myopic refraction in primary school students in the inner city of Beijing. Near work activity was not found to be associated with refraction at either school level.
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Acute onset comitant esotropia associated with spasm of accommodation in children and adults is a rare clinical condition. When occurring with pupillary miosis and restricted ocular motility, it is referred to as "spasm of near reflex" (SNR) and may require neurological investigation. The natural history of SNR depends on its etiology. There is little information in the literature regarding the long-term follow-up of SNR and the stability of visual signs and symptoms following cessation of treatment. We report a case of SNR in an otherwise healthy young male, and discuss the presentation, clinical investigations, management, response to treatment, and 1-year follow-up. ⋯ Acute adult onset esotropia occurring with accommodative spasm responds favorably to cycloplegic medications but may need a longer course of treatment for successful resolution and stability.
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Previous studies on soft multifocal contact lens myopia control published in the peer-reviewed literature reported findings of noncommercial contact lenses worn for 1 year or less. This study sought to determine the progression of myopia and axial elongation of children fitted with commercially available distance center soft multifocal contact lenses for 2 years. ⋯ Soft multifocal contact lens wear resulted in a 50% reduction in the progression of myopia and a 29% reduction in axial elongation during the 2-year treatment period compared to a historical control group. Results from this and other investigations indicate a need for a long-term randomized clinical trial to investigate the potential for soft multifocal contact lens myopia control.
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To describe peripheral defocus when myopic eyes are corrected with spherical and center-distance multifocal soft contact lenses while looking at distance and near. ⋯ The center-distance multifocal lens created peripheral myopic defocus when looking at distance. When looking at near, the multifocal lens resulted in relatively more myopic (less hyperopic) peripheral defocus than the spherical lens. The defocus profiles experienced with the multifocal contact lens in this study make it a good candidate for studies seeking to examine the effect of peripheral myopic defocus on myopia progression in children.