Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 2013
ReviewResuscitation after hemorrhagic shock: the effect on the liver--a review of experimental data.
The liver is currently considered to be one of the first organs to be subjected to the hypoxic insult inflicted by hemorrhagic shock. The oxidative injury caused by resuscitation also targets the liver and can lead to malfunction and the eventual failure of this organ. Each of the various fluids, vasoactive drugs, and pharmacologic substances used for resuscitation has its own distinct effect(s) on the liver, and the anesthetic agents used during surgical resuscitation also have an impact on hepatocytes. ⋯ The effect of a specific resuscitation agent on the liver is assessed mainly by measuring apoptotic pathway regulators and inflammation-induced indicators. Apart from a wide range of pharmacological substances, modifications of Ringer's Lactate, colloids, and pyruvate provide protection to the liver after hemorrhage and resuscitation. In this setting, it is of paramount importance that the treating physician recognize those agents that may attenuate liver injury and avoid using those which inflict additional damage.
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Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health problem that is extremely common and has a significant effect on cardiac surgical outcomes. AKI occurs in nearly 30 % of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, with about 1-2 % of these ultimately requiring dialysis. The development of AKI predicts a significant increase in morbidity and mortality independent of other risk factors. ⋯ Risk factors for AKI have been identified in several models, and these facilitate physicians to prognosticate and develop a strategy for tackling patients predisposed to developing renal dysfunction. Effective therapy of the condition is still suboptimal, and hence the accent has always been on risk factor modification. Thus, strategies for reducing preoperative anemia, perioperative blood transfusions and surgical re-explorations may be effective in attenuating the incidence and severity of this complication.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialHigher fraction of inspired oxygen in anesthesia induction does not affect functional residual capacity reduction after intubation: a comparative study of higher and lower oxygen concentration.
Low fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) reduces the atelectasis area during anesthesia induction. However, atelectasis may occur during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation because lungs can collapse within a fraction of a second. We assessed the effects of ventilation with 100 and 40 % oxygen on functional residual capacity (FRC) in patients undergoing general anesthesia. ⋯ FRC significantly decreased from the awake state to surgery in both groups. FRC was not influenced by FIO2 elevation at anesthesia induction.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialComparison of alcohol ablation with repeated thermal radiofrequency ablation in medial branch neurotomy for the treatment of recurrent thoracolumbar facet joint pain.
Chemical denervation is not recommended as part of the routine care of chronic non-cancer pain. Physicians face a dilemma when it comes to repeated interventions in cases of recurrent thoracolumbar facet joint pain after successful thermal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in medial branch neurotomy. This study was performed to compare the effects of alcohol ablation (AA) with thermal RFA in patients with recurrent thoracolumbar facet joint pain after thermal RFA treatment. ⋯ In our patient cohort, alcohol ablation in medial branch neurotomy provided a longer period of pain relief and better quality of life than repeated radiofrequency medial branch neurotomy in the treatment of recurrent thoracolumbar facet joint pain syndrome after successful thermal RFA without significant complications during the 24-month follow-up.