Der Schmerz
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Selective agreements offer the possibility to the health insurers to influence the control of care, a chance that they urgently need because of cost pressure. The concepts of care can be developed top-down and then a health insurer can make an offer. ⋯ Pathways are necessary for controlling the treatment which not only have to be developed but also have to be put into practice. The pathway acute sacroiliac pain developed by the Lübeck doctors' network will be described here as an example of a successful implementation.
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High healthcare needs are evident for pain caused by cancer. Those affected are not only looking for help in acute inpatient structures but also for a much larger part in outpatient care structures. To avoid mistreatment, undertreatment or overtreatment of pain in people with cancer, it is necessary to differentiate the tasks and roles of different providers while highlighting the specific aspects of pain management within the given network structures. ⋯ In order to ensure an adequate pain therapy targeted interprofessional coordination is required between outpatient and primary physicians with respect to aspects of pain assessment, scope of action and accessibility.
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Sectorally segregated healthcare structures are seen as a major reason for deficits in quality and efficiency. With the introduction of §§ 140 a ff. SGB V, the sectoral splitting into outpatient, inpatient and rehabilitative services will be eliminated. ⋯ The key idea is the orientation on the needs of the insurant. The successful realisation of innovation in pain therapy is described using a practical example. Professional contractual partners, high quality information and communication, the taking over of responsibility for treatment and cost effectiveness are factors essential the success of innovative treatment concepts.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
[Phantom limb pain. Psychological treatment strategies].
Similar to other pain syndromes phantom limb pain is characterized by learning and memory processes that maintain the pain and increase maladaptive plastic changes of the brain: therefore, psychological interventions that change maladaptive memory processes are useful. In addition to traditional psychological interventions, such as pain management training and biofeedback, more recent developments that involve sensory discrimination training, mirror treatment, graded motor imagery, prosthesis training and training in virtual reality are interesting. These interventions not only reduce phantom limb pain but also reverse the associated maladaptive brain changes.