Annals of medicine
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U. S. military veterans have been heavily impacted by the opioid overdose crisis, with drug overdose mortality rates increasing by 53% from 2010-2019. Risk for overdose among veterans is complex and influenced by ongoing interaction among physiological/biological, psychological, and socio-structural factors. ⋯ S. military veterans have been heavily impacted by the opioid overdose crisis, with drug overdose mortality rates increasing by 53% from 2010-2019. The risks for overdose that veterans face need to be understood as resulting from an ongoing interaction among biological/physiological, psychological, and social/structural factors. Addressing drug overdose in the veteran population requires accessible and non-judgemental, low threshold, wraparound, and holistic solutions that recognise the complex aetiology of overdose risk for veterans.
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Diarrhoea still ranks among the top causes of the deaths of children under five years old in the world. In solving this important health problem, it is necessary and imperative to know the health-related knowledge levels of mothers who take care of the child individually and the traditional practices they perform when their children are sick, in order to provide effective health education. ⋯ Maternal education level is determined to be a significant variable that positively affects diarrhoea knowledge levels.KEY MESSAGESDiarrhoea continues to be among the top five preventable causes of death in the world and Turkey among children under the age of 5.The knowledge level of mothers about diarrhoea plays an important role in diarrhoea management. The level of knowledge about diarrhoea differs according to the education level of mothers.Traditional practices have an important place in the management of diarrhoea by mothers.
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The progressive increase in antibiotic resistance in recent decades calls for urgent development of new antibiotics and antibiotic stewardship programs to help select appropriate treatments with the goal of minimising further emergence of resistance and to optimise clinical outcomes. Three new tetracycline-class antibiotics, eravacycline, omadacycline, and tigecycline, have been approved within the past 15 years, and represent a new era in the use of tetracyclines. These drugs overcome the two main mechanisms of acquired tetracycline-class resistance and exhibit a broad spectrum of in vitro activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic, and atypical pathogens, including many drug-resistant strains. ⋯ KEY MESSAGESThe long-standing safety profile and broad spectrum of activity of tetracycline-class antibiotics made them a popular choice for treatment of various bacterial infections; unfortunately, antimicrobial resistance has limited the utility of the early-generation tetracycline agents. The latest generation of tetracycline-class antibiotics, including eravacycline, tigecycline, and omadacycline, overcomes the most common acquired tetracycline resistance mechanisms. Based on in vitro characteristics and clinical data, these newer tetracycline agents provide an effective antibiotic option in the treatment of approved indications in patients with unmet clinical needs - including patients with severe penicillin allergy, with renal or hepatic insufficiency, recent Clostridioides difficile infection, or polymicrobial infections, and those at risk of drug-drug interactions.
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Meta Analysis
Cytopenias following anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy: a systematic analysis for contributing factors.
Cytopenia is one of the most common adverse events following the CAR-T cell infusion, affecting the quality of life and potentially leading to life-threatening bleeding and infection. This study aimed to systematically review the cytopenias following anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy and further analyse the contributing factors. ⋯ In conclusion, neutropenia is the most frequent cytopenia after CAR-T therapy, both in all grades or grade ≥3. The incidence of cytopenias following CAR-T therapy is influenced by the age, sex, disease and number of prior therapy lines of the patients, as well as the target and costimulatory domain of CAR-T cells, and viral vectors used for manufacturing.KEY MESSAGESNeutropenia is the most frequent cytopenia after CAR-T therapy.The clinical characteristics of the patients, the design of CAR-T cells and the protocol of CAR-T treatment can influence the occurrence of cytopenias following the CAR-T therapy.
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Introduction: Phytochemicals have garnered much attention because they are useful in managing several human diseases. Yohimbine is one such phytochemical with significant pharmacological potential and could be exploited for research by medicinal chemists. It is an indole alkaloid obtained from various natural/synthetic sources. ⋯ Key MessagesYohimbine is a natural indole alkaloid with significant pharmacological potential. Humans have used it as a stimulant and aphrodisiac from a relatively early time. It blocks the pre- and postsynaptic α2-adrenergic receptors that could be exploited for managing erectile dysfunction, myocardial dysfunction, inflammatory disorders, and cancer.