Annals of medicine
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High endothelial venules (HEV) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are associated with clinical outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, because HEV are components of TLS, there have been few studies of the role of the HEV proportion in TLS (HEV/TLS). This study investigated the role of the HEV/TLS and its relationship with the tumor immune microenvironment in CRC. ⋯ A high HEV/TLS is associated with a favorable prognosis for CRC and is correlated with the anti-tumor immune microenvironment. Therefore, it is a potential biomarker of the CRC prognosis.KEY MESSAGESHigh HEV/TLS is associated with a favorable prognosis for CRC.High HEV/TLS correlated with the anti-tumor immune microenvironment of CRC and can serve as a novel prognostic biomarker.
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Review
A review on the current literature regarding the value of exosome miRNAs in various diseases.
Exosome microRNAs (miRNAs) have great research outlook in clinical therapy and biomarkers, they have been found to have a close to multiple diseases. A growing number of studies have attempted to alleviate or treat diseases through exosomes. It indicates that miRNAs in exosomes have great significance in preventing and controlling diseases in clinical research. ⋯ More exosome therapeutics will be used in future clinical trials, which may bring new hope for the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. KEY MESSAGESExosomes have unique advantages in molecular transport and cell signal transduction.miRNAs play an essential role in the formation of multiple diseases. Research on the clinical application and potential value of exosomes is growing.
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Adjuvant durvalumab after chemoradiation has become the standard of care for patients with stage III NSCLC, according to the PACIFIC trial. Whether biomarkers before durvalumab for patients with stage III NSCLC showed predictive and prognostic effects remains unknown. ⋯ It seems that PNI could be used as a predictor for OS in patients with stage III NSCLC treated with durvalumab after chemoradiation.KEY MESSAGESInadequate immunocompetence and nutritional status after chemoradiation therapy may result in poor antitumor efficacy of ICIs.Pretreatment immune and nutritional assessment using PNI could be considered an independent predictor for the survival of stage III NSCLC patients treated with durvalumab after chemoradiation therapy.
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The persistent spread of SARS-CoV-2 makes diagnosis challenging because COVID-19 symptoms are hard to differentiate from those of other respiratory illnesses. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test is the current golden standard for diagnosing various respiratory diseases, including COVID-19. However, this standard diagnostic method is prone to erroneous and false negative results (10% -15%). Therefore, finding an alternative technique to validate the RT-PCR test is paramount. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) applications are extensively used in medical research. Hence, this study focused on developing a decision support system using AI to diagnose mild-moderate COVID-19 from other similar diseases using demographic and clinical markers. Severe COVID-19 cases were not considered in this study since fatality rates have dropped considerably after introducing COVID-19 vaccines. ⋯ The promising results suggest using this decision support system to diagnose COVID-19 from other similar respiratory illnesses.
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Determining tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (anti-TNF-α) failure is still a challenge in the management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Thus, our comprehensive systematic literature review aimed to gather information on the criteria used to define anti-TNF-α failure. We also aimed to discover the main reasons for anti-TNF-α failure and define subsequently administered treatments. ⋯ Our findings suggest a need to standardize the management of anti-TNF-α failure and reflect the incorporation of new targets, such as IL-inhibitors, in the treatment sequence.KEY MESSAGESIn the treatment of psoriasis, the primary and secondary anti-TNF-α failure criteria differ widely in the scientific literature.The strictest efficacy criteria for defining anti-TNF-α failure, or those recommended by guidelines such as PASI75, were underused both in clinical trials and observational studies.Most studies failed to consider patient-reported outcomes in assessing psoriasis treatment efficacy, which contrasts with recent recommendations on the inclusion of patient-reported HRQoL as a supporting criterion when considering clinical outcomes.