Annals of medicine
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The quality of the performances of standardized patients plays a significant role in the effectiveness of clinical skills education. Therefore, providing standardized patients with constant feedback is essential. It is especially important to get students' perspectives immediately following their encounters with standardized patients. In the literature, there is no scale for use by students to evaluate the performance of standardized patients. Thus, the three main goals of this study were to: (1) develop a scale for use by students to evaluate the performance of standardized patients, (2) examine the psychometric properties of the scale, and (3) determine a cut-off score for the scale in a standard-setting. ⋯ Our study outlined the critical steps in developing a measurement tool and produced a valid and reliable scale that allows medical students to assess the performance of standardized patients immediately following their interaction with the standardized patient. This scale constitutes an important contribution to the literature as it provides a tool for standardized patient trainers to assess standardized patients' weaknesses and help them improve their performance.KEY MESSAGESEvaluation of SP performance is essential to ensure the educational quality of clinical skills training programs.Students are the most relevant stakeholders to give feedback about SP performance immediately after encounters.The 'Standardized Patient Performance Rating Scale - Student Version' is a valid, reliable scale that can be used by students for the evaluation of standardized patients' strengths and weaknesses at individual-performance levels quickly.
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This study aimed to evaluate test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the Korean Infant Sensory Profile 2 (K-ISP2) and explore whether the sensory processing of infants differs according to age, gender, and culture. ⋯ This study provides reliability and validity evidence of the K-ISP2. Normative data of K-ISP2 total score can be established regardless of age or gender. The ISP2 has showed similar psychometric properties for populations of both Korea and the United States.KEY MESSAGESSensory processing is a fundamental component for adaptive responses to environment and begins to develop before birth.The Korean Infant Sensory Profile 2 (K-ISP2) can be used to assess sensory processing patterns of Korean infants, with evidence of reliability and validity.Total scores of the K-ISP2 can be interpreted with one normative data set regardless of age and gender.
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Observational Study
Clinical utilization of multiple antibodies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for serodiagnosis evaluation of tuberculosis: a retrospective observational cohort study.
We aimed to investigate clinical uncertainties by characterizing the accuracy and utility of commercially available antibodies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the diagnostic assessment of suspected tuberculosis in high-burden countries. ⋯ Commercially available antibodies against to Mycobacterium tuberculosis do not have sufficient sensitivity for the diagnostic evaluation of active tuberculosis. However, antibody against Rv1636 and 16kD may have sufficiently high specificities, high positive likelihood ratios, and correspondingly high positive predictive values to facilitate the rule-in of active tuberculosis.
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Vascular calcification (VC) is one of the complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Previous studies have confirmed that oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in developing VC and that antioxidants have anti-VC effects. ⋯ Our findings indicate that a higher intake of diet-derived lycopene was independently associated with lower odds of having severe AAC in humans. Therefore, a high intake of diet-derived lycopene may help prevent severe AAC.
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It has been discovered that a folate shortage may raise the risk of hepatic steatosis. We investigated the relationship between serum folate and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) among 3606 participants over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). ⋯ According to our study, the majority of Americans, particularly men and whites, had a negative correlation between serum folate and CAP. Among white people, this connection followed an U-shaped pattern. These findings may provide guidance for monitoring serum folate level and controlling oral folate dosage in clinic, so as to prevent liver steatosis more effectively.Key MessagesThe size of the cohort in our study is large, and our findings come from a nationally representative database.Our study revealed a negative relationship between serum folate and CAP among most Americans, especially in male and whites, which may provide evidence for medications to treat hepatic steatosis.In whites, the association of serum folate with CAP was an U-shaped curve (inflection point: 34 ng/ml). This may provide guidance for monitoring serum folate level and controlling oral folate dosage in clinic, so as to prevent liver steatosis more effectively.