Pneumologie
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In the recent years growing interest has focused on the involvement of the distal airways (internal diameter < 2 mm) in obstructive lung diseases and other pulmonary conditions. Inflammation in the small airways seems to play a major role in severe and uncontrolled asthma as a major determinant of airflow obstruction. Thus, small airways represent an important target for inhalation therapy. ⋯ Recent data show that techniques such as impulse oscillometry, nitrogen washout testing and analysis of exhaled nitric oxide are promising tools to assess involvement of the small airways. Impulse oscillometry is a sensitive method to calculate peripheral airway resistance, nitrogen washout allows one to detect air trapping and inhomogeneous ventilation in the distal lung, and the alveolar nitric oxide concentration represents a marker of peripheral inflammation. Further studies are needed to validate these functional tests or their combination for diagnosis and assessment of treatment response in pulmonary diseases involving small airways.
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The aim of the present study was to analyze the associations between COPD-specific anxiety and depressive symptoms in COPD patients. Anxiety, as well as depression, is a prevalent comorbid complication in COPD. Either can have a negative impact on patients' experience and the course of disease. ⋯ Depressive patients showed a higher fear of social isolation, dyspnea related fear, fear of movement and fear of progression of disease. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to functional parameters (FEV 1 % pred.; 6-minute-walk-test). Overall, our study shows the necessity of the assessment of COPD-specific fears related to depression to guarantee an adequate treatment.