Journal of chemotherapy
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Journal of chemotherapy · Dec 2008
Prevalence of type III secretion protein exoenzymes and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from bloodstream isolates of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of two type III secretion effector proteins, exoU and exoS from bloodstream isolates of hospitalized patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) bacteremia, to characterize antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and to compare mortality rates. PSA bloodstream isolates and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were collected from a university-affiliated hospital. ExoS and exoU genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. ⋯ Mortality was high in patients with PSA bacteremia and did not differ among patients infected with the exoS isolates (n=37; 43%) or exoU isolates (n=11; 35%). One of two type III secretion effector proteins were almost universally present in PSA bloodstream isolates. Isolates containing the exoU gene were more likely to be resistant to multiple antibiotics.
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Journal of chemotherapy · Dec 2008
ReviewInnate immunity in sepsis pathogenesis and its modulation: new immunomodulatory targets revealed.
Sepsis is complex clinical manifestation of an organism's overwhelming and unregulated immune response to infection. Despite more than 25 years of extensive research, sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) remain the major causes of death in hospital intensive care units (ICUs). The mortality rate associated with sepsis varies from 30% to 70%. ⋯ The understanding of immunopathogenetic mechanisms involved in sepsis development has provided significant advances in the field of innate immunity, which plays an important role in the onset of sepsis and associated mortality. Not only have the pathways involved in sepsis development been defined but also various targets that can be used as an immunomodulatory approach during sepsis treatment. This review explores the role of innate immunity in the development of sepsis and its modulation as a future immunomodulatory approach for sepsis treatment.