Respiratory medicine
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Respiratory medicine · Aug 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialResistance training as a preconditioning strategy for enhancing aerobic exercise training outcomes in COPD.
Aerobic exercise training is a recognized approach for improving functional capacity in COPD. People with greater disease severity often have difficulty achieving higher aerobic exercise training intensity. The effects of resistance training prior to aerobic training were examined to determine if this sequential approach was associated with greater gains in functional status than aerobic training alone or concurrent aerobic and resistance training. ⋯ Although the sequential approach to resistance and aerobic training yielded a greater increase in muscle endurance and higher resistance training volume compared to concurrent resistance and aerobic training, other training outcomes were similar between the two groups, thus the sequential approach is not clearly superior to the concurrent approach in severe COPD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01058213.
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Respiratory medicine · Aug 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyEfficacy and safety of once-daily fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (100/25 mcg) versus twice-daily fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (250/50 mcg) in COPD patients.
Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/VI) is an inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta2-agonist (ICS/LABA), recently approved as once-daily maintenance therapy for COPD. We compared the lung function effects of FF/VI with those of twice-daily fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (FP/SAL). ⋯ clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01323634; NCT01323621; NCT01706328. GlaxoSmithKline study codes: HZC113109; HZC112352; RLV116974.
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Respiratory medicine · Aug 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudySystemic exposure to inhaled beclometasone/formoterol DPI is age and body size dependent.
Prescription of inhaled corticosteroids to children with asthma is recommended at half the nominal dose of adults in order to reduce the risk of systemic side effects. However, there is a lack of pharmacokinetic trials supporting such dose reduction regimens. Therefore, we aimed to compare the systemic exposure to the active ingredients of a fixed dose combination of beclometasone-dipropionate (BDP) and formoterol after dry powder inhaler (DPI) administration in children, adolescents and adults. ⋯ The systemic exposure to the active ingredients of BDP/formoterol administered as DPI correlates inversely with age and body size suggesting that dry powder dosage regimens should be adjusted for age and body size to avoid high systemic drug levels in children.
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Respiratory medicine · Aug 2014
Observational StudyRole of Presepsin (sCD14-ST) and the CURB65 scoring system in predicting severity and outcome of community-acquired pneumonia in an emergency department.
CD14 is one of the leukocyte differentiation antigens, and is present in macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes and their cell membranes. Presepsin, namely soluble CD14-subtype (sCD14-ST) is produced by circulating plasma proteases activating cleavage of soluble CD14 (sCD14). The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Presepsin and the CURB65 scoring system in the evaluation of severity and outcome of CAP in an ED. ⋯ Presepsin is a valuable biomarker in predicting severity and outcome in CAP patients in the ED and Presepsin in combination with CURB65 score significantly enhanced the predictive accuracy.
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Respiratory medicine · Aug 2014
The clinical relevance of dry powder inhaler performance for drug delivery.
Although understanding of the scientific basis of aerosol therapy with dry powder inhalers (DPIs) has increased, some misconceptions still persist. These include the beliefs that high resistance inhalers are unsuitable for some patients, that extra fine (<1.0 μm) particles improve peripheral lung deposition and that inhalers with flow rate-independent fine particle fractions (FPFs) produce a more consistent delivered dose to the lungs. ⋯ The technical characteristics of different inhalers and the delivery and deposition of the fine particle dose to the lungs may be important additional considerations to help the physician to select the most appropriate device for the individual patient to optimise their treatment.