Respiratory medicine
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Respiratory medicine · Feb 2003
Effects of PEEP on inspiratory and expiratory mechanics in adult respiratory distress syndrome.
The purpose of the present study was to assess the mechanical behavior of the respiratory system separately during inspiration and expiration in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the influence of PEEP on any phasic variations ofthe mechanical respiratory parameters. Airways pressure (P), flow (V), and volume (V) signals were recorded in nine patients with ARDS and 10 patients without known respiratory disorder (control group). All patients were artificially ventilated at three levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP): 0, 5, and 10 hPa. ⋯ In the ARDS group expiratory Ers (ErsEXP=45.58 +/- 4.24 hPa/L) was substantially higher (p<0.01) than inspiratory Ers (ErsINSP=36.76 +/- 2.55) with a marked effect of applied PEEP in diminishing the difference between ErsEXP and ErsINSP (p<0.01). For the ARDS group inspiratory Rrs (RrsINSP) decreased significantly with increasing PEEP (PEEP=0: RrsINSP=16.43, PEEP=10: RrsINSP=13.28, p<0.01). The found differences between ErsEXP and ErsINSP could be attributable to an influence of mechanical ventilation by positive airway pressure on pulmonary edemaand interstitial fluid during the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle.
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Respiratory medicine · Jan 2003
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialSymptoms are an important outcome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease clinical trials: results of a 3-month comparative study using the Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale (BCSS).
The need to manage the key symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (breathlessness, cough and sputum) is an important treatment objective. Viozan (sibenadet HCl, AR-C68397AA) is a novel dual D2 dopamine receptor, beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, which combines conventional bronchodilatory activity with the sensory nerve modulation afforded by dopamine agonism. The efficacy of this agent in relieving patient symptoms has been determined in a series of large-scale clinical studies; the results of a 3-month, placebo-controlled multi-centre study are reported. ⋯ Salmeterol therapy, however, resulted in a sustained reduction in BCSS total score. No notable benefit over placebo was seen in lung function, exacerbations or health-related quality of life with either active treatment. While the results of this study failed to demonstrate sustained efficacy with sibenadet therapy, they do indicate the value of symptom assessment in the clinical evaluation of new drugs for the treatment of COPD.
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Respiratory medicine · Jan 2003
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialEvaluating symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: validation of the Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale.
This study examined the reliability and validity of a new measure for evaluating symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale (BCSS). Designed as a daily diary, the BCSS is a patient-reported outcome measure that asks patients to rate the severity of the three symptoms, each on a 5-point scale; higher scores indicate more severe symptoms. Item scores are summed to yield a total score. ⋯ Cough, sputum, and total scores increased with sputum volume (r = 0.27, 0.30, 0.31; P < 0.001). Patients for whom treatment was moderately or highly effective reported significant improvements in BCSS scores (P < 0.0001). Results suggest that the BCSS is a reliable, valid, and responsive patient-reported outcome measure of symptom severity in patients with COPD.
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Respiratory medicine · Jan 2003
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialThe role of the novel D2/beta2-agonist, Viozan (sibenadet HCl), in the treatment of symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a large-scale clinical investigation.
Viozan (sibenadet HCl, AR-C68397AA) is a novel dual D2 dopamine receptor, beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, developed specifically to treat the key symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), breathlessness, cough and sputum. The dual sensory nerve modulation and bronchodilator effects of sibenadet have been demonstrated in initial dose-ranging studies of patients with COPD and large-scale clinical evaluation has now been completed. Sibenadet efficacy was determined by assessing symptomatic changes, as defined by the novel assessment tool, the Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale (BCSS). ⋯ Although marked bronchodilator activity was seen early on with sibenadet treatment, the duration of effect diminished as the studies progressed. Sibenadet use was not associated with any safety concerns. These studies, utilizing the novel BCSS, have clearly illustrated that, despite initial symptomatic improvement with sibenadet therapy, this clinical benefit was not sustained over the course of the study.
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Respiratory medicine · Nov 2002
Relationship between lung function, ventilation-perfusion inequality and extent of emphysema as assessed by high-resolution computed tomography.
The development of the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has improved the ability to detect and quantify emphysema in various groups of patients with chronic airflow obstruction (COPD). Significant correlations have previously been found between indices of air flow obstruction, hyperinflation, reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and the extent of emphysema (emph.%) assessed by HRCT. However, the relationship between emph.% and ventilation-perfusion (V(A)/Q) inequality in COPD is unknown. Twenty COPD patients with a mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 38.2 (+/- 15.5)% in percent of predicted value (%P), a mean PaO2 value of 9.6 (+/- 1.3) kPa, and a mean diffusing capacity of 43.6 (+/- 23.0)%P, were subjected to measurements by the multiple elimination inert gas technique (MIGET). The extent of emphysema was determined by HRCT at both full inspiration, emph.I(%) and at full expiration, emph.E(%), with a cut-off limit of -910 Hounsfield Units (HU) using the "Density Mask" method. The ventilation directed towards high V(A)/Q areas was 73 (+/- 10.2)% and the mean ventilation (V-mean) was elevated about three times compared to normal. The mean emph.(I)% and emph.(E) was 45.6 (+/- 16.9) and 32.7 (+/- 190)%, respectively. Significant correlations were shown between the emphysema extent and several lung function parameters, but no correlation was found between the emphysema extent and the V(A)/Q relationships or the blood gas values. Reduced DLCO%P correlated with less high V(A)/Q ventilation (r=0.73, P < 0.05) for the subgroup of COPD patients with DLCO(%P) less than 50% (n=12). ⋯ In COPD patients, suffering from moderate to severe emphysema without severe blood gas impairment, no correlation was shown between the extent of emphysema, as assessed by HRCT, and the severity of ventilation-perfusion inequality. A substantial collateral ventilation in severe emphysema may be a mechanism that prevents a deterioration in V(A)/Q relationships and in blood gas levels.