Urology
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To define and discuss the characteristics of all-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related pediatric (<16 years) genitourinary (GU) trauma. ATV collisions represent a significant and growing portion of trauma cases in rural America. ATV-related renal injuries have been reported in adults but a comprehensive review of ATV-related pediatric GU trauma cases is needed. ⋯ GU trauma in ATV-injured youth is uncommon but when it occurs, renal injuries predominate. Most present with hematuria. Prevalence of renal trauma among GU injuries in children suggests a unique injury mechanism (crush during ATV roll or strike of the handlebars) and more study of injury mechanics is warranted. A high index of suspicion is warranted in evaluating these children.
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To identify the characteristics of circulating CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). We sought to discover the possible mechanism underlying induction of CP/CPPS by autoimmune factors. ⋯ FOXP3 and serum cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and TGFbeta1, might be important for the pathogenesis of CP/CPPS and possibly affect the suppressive function of CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells. This influence may result in the onset of CP/CPPS, but its assessment requires further study.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of local anesthetic effects of tramadol with prilocaine during circumcision procedure.
To compare the local anesthetic effects of tramadol hydrochloride with prilocaine for circumcision procedure. ⋯ A combination of tramadol 5% plus adrenaline can provide a safe and effective local anesthesia during circumcision procedure and postoperative period in children.
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To assess the utility of kinetics for ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen (uPSA) assays to identify men who are at risk of developing high-risk recurrent prostate cancer [prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) < 9 months] after radical prostatectomy. Previous studies demonstrate that a PSADT < 9 months after radical prostatectomy is associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality. Conventionally, PSADT has been calculated after biochemical failure (PSA > or = 2 0.2 ng/mL). ⋯ Time to first detectable uPSA identifies men with low-risk recurrence prostate cancer. Patients with an undetectable uPSA 2 years after surgery are unlikely to develop PSADT < 9 months after biochemical failure.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of tamsulosin in the management of lower ureteral stones: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of 100 patients.
To study the impact of tamsulosin on the rate of spontaneous passage of distal ureteral stones. ⋯ Tamsulosin is a safe and effective drug that enhances spontaneous passage of distal ureteral stones sized 10 mm or smaller.