Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Jan 2006
Desflurane improves the recovery of the evoked postsynaptic population spike from CA1 pyramidal cells after hypoxia in rat hippocampal slices.
Desflurane is a volatile anesthetic that allows rapid induction and emergence, reduces cerebral metabolism, and enhances tissue perfusion. We studied the effect of treatment with 4%, 6%, and 12% desflurane on hypoxic neuronal damage by comparing the size of the postsynaptic evoked population spike recorded from the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) pyramidal cell layer of rat hippocampal slices before and 2 hours after a hypoxic insult. When the tissue was treated with 6% desflurane before, during, and after 3.5 minutes of hypoxia, recovery was significantly better in slices exposed to desflurane (37% +/- 9%) compared with untreated hypoxic slices (15% +/- 5%). ⋯ In the period before hypoxia, 12% and 6% desflurane significantly increased the latency and decreased the amplitude of the postsynaptic population spike; 4% desflurane had a similar but nonsignificant effect on latency and amplitude. We conclude that 6% desflurane, a clinically useful concentration (1 minimal alveolar concentration), improved the recovery of postsynaptic evoked responses in rat hippocampal slices after 3.5 minutes of hypoxia. In vivo studies must be conducted to assess the potential clinical significance of 6% desflurane's neuroprotective activity.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Jan 2006
ReviewAnesthesia for minimally invasive cranial and spinal surgery.
The field of minimally invasive neurosurgery has evolved rapidly in its indications and applications over the last few years. New, less invasive techniques with low morbidity and virtually no mortality are replacing conventional neurosurgical procedures. ⋯ This review calls attention to the anesthetic issues in various minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures for cranial and spinal indications. Among the procedures specifically discussed are endoscopic third ventriculostomy, endoscopic transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, endoscopic strip craniectomy, deep brain stimulation, video-assisted thorascopic surgery, vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, cervical discectomy and foraminectomy, and laparoscopically assisted lumbar spine surgery.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Jan 2006
ReviewDisturbances of sodium in critically ill adult neurologic patients: a clinical review.
Disorders of sodium and water balance are common in critically ill adult neurologic patients. Normal aspects of sodium and water regulation are reviewed. ⋯ Specific discussions of the etiology, diagnosis, and management of cerebral salt wasting syndrome, the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and central diabetes insipidus are presented, as well as the problems of overtreatment. The importance of diagnosis at an early stage of these diseases is stressed, with a recommendation for conservative management of milder cases.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Jan 2006
Clinical features of fever associated with poor outcome in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury.
We describe the incidence and etiology of fever and the relationship between fever characteristics and outcome in children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We conducted a retrospective study of children <14 years and with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of <9 admitted to a level I pediatric trauma center intensive care unit (PICU) between 1998 and 2003. We examined whether fever characteristics were associated with poor outcome (hospital discharge GCS score <13 and discharge disposition of either death or discharge to a skilled nursing facility). ⋯ Patients with any fever in the PICU had an increased HLOS (0.9 days; P < 0.001). Our data suggest that in severe pediatric TBI, both fever and infection were common, and both were associated with longer LOS. Patients with higher fever burden had poor hospital discharge GCS score.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Jan 2006
Randomized Controlled TrialDoes using the bispectral index (BIS) during craniotomy affect the quality of recovery?
One of the aims of neuroanesthesia is to provide early postoperative recovery and neurologic examination in patients undergoing supratentorial surgery. Our aim was to investigate the role of using the bispectral index (BIS) in recovery from anesthesia and altering drug administration in patients undergoing craniotomy. Fifty American Society of Anesthesiologists' (ASA) physical status I-II patients undergoing craniotomy were included in the study. ⋯ Times to first spontaneous breathing, eye opening, and extubation (P = 0.035, P = 0.001, and P = 0.0001, respectively) were significantly shorter in the BIS-guided group. Time to an Aldrete score of 9-10 and adequate neurologic assessment were similar between the groups. In conclusion, BIS monitoring by supratentorial craniotomy under general anesthesia reduced the maintenance anesthetic concentration and narcotic drug usage and lowered the recovery times from general anesthesia.