Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Oct 2013
Clonidine induces sedation through acting on the perifornical area and the locus coeruleus in rats.
The main target site of action for the sedative clonidine (CLO), an α2 adrenoceptor agonist, has been considered to be the locus coeruleus (LC). However, previous reports suggest other sites of action of CLO than the LC. Our previous studies suggested that the neuronal activities in the perifornical area (Pef) could influence the sedative or the anesthetic level induced by anesthetics. Therefore, we examined whether microinjection of CLO into the Pef might induce sedation in rats. ⋯ The Pef and the LC are responsible for the sedative action of CLO in rats.
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J Neurosurg Anesthesiol · Oct 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effect of gabapentin premedication on postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pain in patients on preoperative dexamethasone undergoing craniotomy for intracranial tumors.
In patients undergoing craniotomy, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is 55% to 70% and that of moderate to severe postoperative pain is 60% to 84%. We hypothesized that gabapentin plus dexamethasone would be superior, compared with placebo and dexamethasone in reducing the incidences of PONV and pain after craniotomy. ⋯ A dosage of 600 mg of gabapentin plus 4 mg of dexamethasone significantly reduced the 24-hour incidence of nausea and PONV. However, there was no reduction in either the postoperative pain scores or opioid consumption.