Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
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Chronicity of liver disease is determined either by duration of liver disease or by evidence of either severe liver disease or physical stigmata of chronic liver disease. Chronic liver disease may be caused commonly by persistent viral infections, metabolic diseases, drugs, autoimmune hepatitis, or unknown factors. The objective of this study was to find out the aetiology of chronic liver disease (CLD) in children. ⋯ Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children, with the highest incidence of chronic Hepatitis C followed by metabolic disorders (glycogen storage disease and Wilson disease) and biliary atresia. Chronic viral hepatitis was most prevalent between 11 months to 12 years of age. Wilson disease was common in 3-7 years age group, and Biliary atresia in 4-7 months age group. Glycogen storage disease was prevalent between 5 months to 3 years.
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Anaemia is a common medical problem in pregnancy. The extent up to which, maternal anaemia effects maternal and neonatal health is still uncertain. Maternal anaemia is commonly considered a risk factor for low birth weight (LBW) babies. Some studies have demonstrated a strong association between low haemoglobin before delivery and LBW babies. However, others have not found a significant association. Therefore, there is insufficient information to assess the overall adverse impact of anaemia during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal anaemia would affect the birth weight of the baby and compare this with that of non-anaemic mothers. It was a cross-sectional comparative study carried out at the maternity ward of Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi. ⋯ The results of this study show an association of maternal anaemia in pregnancy with increased risk of LBW babies.
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J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad · Jan 2011
Nurses' knowledge of evidence-based guidelines for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critical care areas: a pre and post test design.
Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital acquired pneumonia in ventilated patients. VAP is associated with increased morbidity, mortality duration of hospitalization and cost of treatment. Critical care nurses are usually unaware of evidence based preventive guidelines for VAP, resulting in negative impact on all aspects of patient care. This study investigated the impact of a 5-hour teaching module on nurses' knowledge to practice evidence based guidelines for the prevention of VAP. ⋯ the 5-hour teaching module significantly enhanced nurses' knowledge towards evidence based guidelines for the prevention of VAP. Further research is needed to assess the impact of training on nursing practice and to explore factors affecting attitudinal change.
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J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad · Jan 2011
Evaluation techniques in Punjab, Pakistan: eight years of reforms in health professional education.
Pakistan, the most populated country in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region has a population of over 170 million, spread over five provinces and four federally administered areas. It has a growth rate of 1.9%. Punjab is the most populous and developed province with an estimated population in 2010 of 81 million. ⋯ Evaluation in all branches of higher education has long been taken as a means to an end. The focus of UHS on teacher-training, introduction of behavioural sciences as a compulsory subject and setting up an outcome-based evaluation process, has established a knowledge-acquisition medical education atmosphere. The challenges in the future relate to sustainability through capacity-building and staying abreast with the Best Evidence Medical Education practices worldwide, implementing them to fit our local needs and resources.
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J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad · Oct 2010
Comparative StudySingle versus 3-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in clean and clean contaminated operations.
Infection is a great problem in surgery and is encountered by all surgeons by nature of their craft; they invariably impair the first line of host defence. Bacteria may enter the wound during or after the operation and may be of endogenous or exogenous origin. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in reduction of postoperative wound infection in clean and clean contaminated procedures and to compare the cost of antibiotic prophylaxis in both groups. ⋯ Single dose antibiotic prophylaxis is as effective as 3-dose therapy in clean and clean contaminated procedures to prevent wound infection and is cost-effective.