Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
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J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad · Oct 2006
Evaluation of aetiology and efficacy of management protocol of epistaxis.
Epistaxis is one of the commonest medical emergencies. It affects all age groups and both sexes. The cause may be local or systemic but in majority it is spontaneous and idiopathic. Trauma is considered to be a major aetiological factor. Various treatment protocols are utilized to control epistaxis derpending upon the type, severity and cause of bleeding. ⋯ It may be concluded from this study that epistaxis is the most common ENT emergency, affecting all age groups. It has a bimodal age presentation and affects males twice more than females. Anterior bleeding is more common than posterior bleeding. Epistaxis may be controlled with chemical/electro-cautery if the bleeding point is visible. In case of failure to localize or access a bleeding point or profuse bleeding, anterior nasal packing can effectively control majority of epistaxis. Foley's catheter is a good option that can be used for posterior nasal packing. Gelfoam may be used for controlling epistaxis in cases of bleeding disorders, when there is mucosal ooze.
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J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad · Jan 2006
Abruptio placentae and its complications at Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad.
Abruptio placentae remains a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality globally, though of most serious concern in the developing world. As most known causes of abruptio placentae are either preventable or treatable, an increased frequency of the condition remains a source of medical concern. ⋯ A higher than expected frequency of abruptio placentae exists in our setting and the consequences of abruptio placentae for neonatal mortality outcome are alarmingly high. The majority of patients presented with intra uterine death so that any management protocol directed at abruptio placentae or its consequences is of little help in preventing perinatal mortality.
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Medico legal autopsies can be valuable sources of information about the distribution of causes of reported deaths, particularly in homicidal cases. The present study provides information regarding the homicidal deaths due to firearm injuries in the district of Peshawar, NWFP, Pakistan. ⋯ The vast majority of reported homicides in Peshawar are caused by firearm injuries, which bring up issues related to possession of firearms and changes in cultural attitudes towards use of firearms, if a decrease in firearm-related homicides is desired.
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Postoperative pulmonary complications contribute significantly to morbidity and morality in surgical patients. Pulmonary complications occur more frequently than cardiac complications. The complication rates for upper abdominal and thoracic surgery are the highest. ⋯ In any individual patient the benefit from a surgical procedure should be weighed against the risks it imposes. When possible, stabilization of respiratory status is advisable before surgery. This article reviews patient and procedure related risk factors, clinical and laboratory evaluation for preoperative risk assessment and risk reduction strategies to minimize the complication rates.