Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI
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Top Magn Reson Imaging · Feb 2007
ReviewAdvances in magnetic resonance neuroimaging techniques in the evaluation of neonatal encephalopathy.
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become an essential tool in the evaluation of neonatal encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance-compatible neonatal incubators allow sick neonates to be transported to the MR scanner, and neonatal head coils can improve signal-to-noise ratio, critical for advanced MR imaging techniques. Refinement of conventional imaging techniques include the use of PROPELLER techniques for motion correction. ⋯ Knowledge of normal developmental changes in MR spectroscopy metabolite concentration and diffusion tensor metrics is essential to interpret pathological cases. Perfusion MR and functional MR can provide additional physiological information. Both MR spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging can provide additional information in the differential of neonatal encephalopathy, including perinatal white matter injury, hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, metabolic disease, infection, and birth injury.
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Top Magn Reson Imaging · Feb 2007
ReviewMacrocephaly, increased intracranial pressure, and hydrocephalus in the infant and young child.
Macrocephaly, increased intracranial pressure, and hydrocephalus are common related conditions that lead to cross-sectional imaging of the infant and young child. Imaging plays a central role in establishing the diagnosis and guiding disposition and treatment of these patients. In this review, a general overview is provided, and the more common causes of hydrocephalus are presented, including posthemorrhage, postinfection, developmental malformations, and masses. Imaging guidelines are also outlined for initial evaluation and follow-up, along with a discussion of the imaging features of shunt malfunction.