Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
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Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. · Jul 2015
Intrathecal injection of KN93 attenuates paradoxical remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia by inhibiting spinal CaMKII phosphorylation in rats.
Remifentanil is a short-acting and highly selective mu opiate agonist that is used in many clinical surgical situations for intraoperative pain relief. Under certain conditions, remifentanil can produce "paradoxical" hyperalgesia. This study aims to investigate mechanisms of actions mediating this "paradoxical" effect. ⋯ Intrathecal injection of KN93 attenuates postoperative hyperalgesia induced by intraoperative infusion of remifentanil in rats through inhibiting spinal CaMKII phosphorylation.
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Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. · Jul 2015
Flavonoid Chrysin prevents age-related cognitive decline via attenuation of oxidative stress and modulation of BDNF levels in aged mouse brain.
In this study, the effect of Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), an important member of the flavonoid family, on memory impairment, oxidative stress and BDNF reduction generated by aging in mice were investigated. Young and aged mice were treated daily per 60days with Chrysin (1 and 10mg/kg; per oral, p.o.) or veichle (10ml/kg; p.o.). Mice were trained and tested in Morris Water Maze task. ⋯ Moreover, Chrysin marked mitigated the decrease of BDNF levels in the PFC and HC of aged mice. These results demonstrated that flavonoid Chrysin, an antioxidant compound, was able to prevent age-associated memory probably by their free radical scavenger action and modulation of BDNF production. Thus, this study indicates that Chrysin may represent a new pharmacological approach to alleviate the age-related declines during normal age, acting as an anti-aging agent.
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Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. · Jul 2015
Involvement of nuclear factor kappa B in the maintenance of persistent inflammatory hypernociception.
The pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory pain remains poorly understood. In this context, we developed an experimental model in which successive daily injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for 14days into rat hind paws produces a persistent state of hypernociception (i.e. decrease in mechanical nociceptive threshold). This state persists for more than 30days after discontinuing PGE2 injection. ⋯ Treatment with antisense oligonucleotides against the NF-κB p65 subunit for 5 consecutive days also reduced persistent inflammatory hypernociception. Inhibition of PKA and PKCε reduced persistent inflammatory hypernociception, which was associated with inhibition of NF-κB p65 subunit translocation. Together these results suggest that peripheral activation of NF-κB by PKA and PKC in primary sensory neurons plays an important role in maintaining persistent inflammatory pain.