The Journal of invasive cardiology
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Recent improvements in the care of critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) should be associated with improved outcomes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the trends of age-adjusted mortality rates for all-cause and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)-related CS in the United States. ⋯ Regardless of gender and race, age-adjusted in-hospital mortality is gradually declining in patients presenting with all causes or STEMI-related CS. However, as compared to men, women suffer from persistently higher mortality rates in the setting of STEMI-related CS despite multivariate adjustment.
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Case Reports
LAST (local anesthetic systemic toxicity) but not least: systemic lidocaine toxicity during cardiac intervention.
Lidocaine is the most common medication used for local anesthesia in cardiac procedures. Sometimes, a higher dose of lidocaine is used to improve the patient's comfort, especially in device implantation or complex interventional procedures requiring several sheath insertions for access. ⋯ This case emphasizes the importance of dose adjustment of local anesthetic agents in individual patients, especially those with advanced heart failure who undergo cardiovascular procedures. The risk factors, preventive measures, and therapeutic approaches to manage this type of complication are discussed in detail.
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A 49-year-old man underwent emergent coronary angiography for acute inferior myocardial infarction (MI). After balloon angioplasty of culprit right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion, a Promus Element stent would not advance to the target lesion. The proximal end of the stent became compressed against the tip of the guiding catheter, such that the stent could neither be advanced nor withdrawn. This case illustrates the technical aspects of snare removal of a severely deformed stent via the radial artery.