Current opinion in pediatrics
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Continuous positive airway pressure is increasingly being used in the care of premature infants. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current controversies in the use of neonatal continuous positive airway pressure. ⋯ Existing evidence suggests that short binasal prongs are most effective, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation is a useful way of augmenting neonatal continuous positive airway pressure and that very premature infants can be managed with neonatal continuous positive airway pressure in the delivery room as part of the resuscitation. Further research is required to determine whether important outcomes are improved with the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure rather than endotracheal intubation and, if so, whether surfactant should be given to infants so managed. Definition of optimal levels of continuous positive airway pressure for infants at varying stages of their disease also requires further research.
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To review the current literature describing drug-induced hyperthermia and its treatment. Specifically, five syndromes will be discussed: malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, anticholinergic poisoning, sympathomimetic poisoning, and serotonin syndrome. ⋯ Although the recognition of causative agents is increasing, the treatment of drug-induced hyperthermia remains unchanged and continues to be primarily supportive.