Current opinion in pediatrics
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Curr. Opin. Pediatr. · Apr 2009
ReviewAre prophylactic antibiotics indicated after a urinary tract infection?
Many children with urinary tract infection (UTI) and urinary tract abnormality such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) are given prophylactic antibiotic to prevent recurrence of UTI and permanent kidney damage. Occasionally, children with normal urinary tract receive prophylactic antibiotic to alleviate the patient suffering and family inconvenience associated with recurrent symptomatic UTI. These recommendations are mostly opinion-based and are derived from studies that were not randomized and were done before the current renal imaging modalities became available. The purpose of this review is to discuss these recommendations in the context of recent research findings. ⋯ It is advisable that, until the results of more appropriately designed studies become available, UTI in young children is considered as a risk factor for renal scarring and each patient is treated with prudence.
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Curr. Opin. Pediatr. · Apr 2009
ReviewRoom air or 100% oxygen for resuscitation of infants with perinatal depression.
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) recommends initiating neonatal resuscitation with concentrations of oxygen between 21 and 100%. This wide range of oxygen concentrations recommended for resuscitation highlights the lack of evidence supporting either 21 or 100% O2. The purpose of this review is to analyze the efficacy of reoxygenation with 100% O2 or room air on rates of return of spontaneous circulation--the main goal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ⋯ Prior to a revision of current neonatal resuscitation guidelines it must be determined whether resuscitation initiated with room air results in the same rate of return of spontaneous circulation as resuscitation initiated with 100% oxygen.