European journal of internal medicine
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Eur. J. Intern. Med. · Dec 2022
Meta AnalysisProton pump inhibitors and the risk of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Observational research has indicated that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) might increase the long-term risk of cardiovascular events. This study evaluated the evidence from observational studies for an effect of PPI monotherapy on the risk of incident cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality. ⋯ It is questionable, whether PPI monotherapy constitutes a cardiovascular risk factor.
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Eur. J. Intern. Med. · Dec 2022
Angiopoietins, vascular endothelial growth factors and secretory phospholipase A2 in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction.
Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health burden, with high prevalence and mortality rates. A proportion of patients with HF have a normal ventricular ejection fraction (EF), referred to as HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), as opposed to patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). HFpEF currently accounts for about 50% of all HF patients, and its prevalence is rising. Angiopoietins (ANGPTs), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) are proinflammatory mediators and key regulators of endothelial cells. ⋯ Our results indicate that three different classes of proinflammatory regulators of vascular permeability and smoldering inflammation are selectively altered in HFrEF or HFpEF patients. Studies involving larger cohorts of these patients will be necessary to demonstrate the clinical implications of our findings.
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Eur. J. Intern. Med. · Dec 2022
Etiological spectrum and outcome of fever and inflammation of unknown origin. Does symptom duration matter?
Evidence suggests that the symptom duration may affect the occurrence of certain fever (FUO) and inflammation (IUO) of unknown origin associated conditions. It is unclear if this could potentially guide diagnostic evaluations. We examined the association between symptom duration and diagnostic and prognostic outcomes in FUO/IUO. ⋯ The symptom duration may be used to guide the diagnostic workup among patients with FUO and IUO, in particular those with longstanding symptoms.