Human & experimental toxicology
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Comparative Study
Urinary cotinine levels of smokeless tobacco (Maraş powder) users.
Smokeless tobacco is used in various forms in some countries of the world. "Maraş otu" is a kind of smokeless tobacco usage in the Southeastern region of Turkey. The use of smokeless tobacco causes nicotine addiction and dependence. Moreover this type of smokeless tobacco usage is one of the risk factors for oral cancers and genotoxic damages for users. ⋯ The mean (+/- SD) urinary cotinines have been determined as 6467.35+/-3198 microg/g creatinine for 26 Maraş powder users, 1943.92+/-1443 microg/g creatinine for 26 cigarette smokers and 198.62+/-420.82 microg/g creatinine for 26 passive smokers. A significant difference has been found between cotinine levels of Maraş powder users and cigarette smokers, which is three times higher in Maraş powder users (p<0.001). The present study suggests that smokeless tobacco poses a threat to public health and it should not be viewed as a safe alternative to cigarettes.