Cytokine
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Although cytokines play a pivotal role in the inflammatory responses that mediate the severity of acute renal failure (ARF), the importance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene promoter polymorphisms has been unexplored. ⋯ TNF-alpha and IL-10 gene polymorphisms are related to the risk of death among patients with ARF who require dialysis. Larger studies are needed to confirm these relationships.