Cytokine
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The pathophysiological mechanism in cardiac syndrome X has been suggested as impairment in normal endothelial function of the coronary microvasculature, resulting in inadequate flow reserve. However, despite the extensive studies, the precise mechanisms in cardiac syndrome X remain unclear. ⋯ Our data suggested that low-grade, chronic inflammation might contribute to the development of cardiac syndrome X manifested by increased plasma levels of inflammatory cells and inflammatory markers.