Cytokine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of insulin therapy on inflammatory mediators in infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
To determine whether insulin administration modulates the systemic inflammatory response in infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, 60 infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly assigned into a routine therapy group or to an intensive insulin therapy group with 30 infants in each group. Plasma IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha levels were determined before anesthesia, at the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass, and at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after cardiopulmonary bypass. Nuclear factor-kappaBp65 expression and IkappaB expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also measured by Western blot analysis. ⋯ The expression of Nuclear factor-kappaBp65, which induces the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly attenuated in the intensive insulin therapy group (p<0.05 or <0.01). Meanwhile, the expression of IkappaB, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB, was significantly higher in the intensive insulin therapy group (p<0.05 or <0.01). These results suggested that intensive insulin therapy may attenuate the systemic inflammatory response in infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is an autoimmune, paraneoplastic, central nervous system disorder, characterized by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) B-cell expansion and various putative autoantibodies. To investigate the role of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in OMS and the effect of disease-modifying immunotherapies used to treat it, BAFF was measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay in the CSF and serum of 161 children with OMS and 116 pediatric controls. The mean concentration of CSF BAFF and the CSF/serum BAFF ratio were significantly higher in untreated OMS compared to neurological controls. ⋯ Monthly IVIg infusions had no net impact on BAFF levels, and the combination of IVIg with ACTH or steroids did not reduce or enhance their anti-BAFF effects. These data indicate that BAFF production is increased centrally, not peripherally, in OMS, implying astrocytic over production. The novel dose-related central and peripheral anti-BAFF properties of ACTH, especially, have implications for other BAFF-related autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and cancers.
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To explore the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced intestinal inflammatory response and gut barrier dysfunction in the mice. ⋯ Nrf2 plays an important protective role in limiting intestinal inflammatory response and gut barrier dysfunction after TBI.