Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1987
Comparative StudyConstitutional factors promoting development of atelectasis during anaesthesia.
The extent of atelectasis was correlated to constitutional factors in 38 patients who underwent computed tomography prior to and during general anaesthesia with halothane. All patients but two developed atelectasis in dependent regions of both lungs immediately after induction of anaesthesia prior to surgery. ⋯ Thus, patients who were overweight and/or had a low and wide thorax tended to develop more extensive atelectasis during anaesthesia. This finding might partly explain why overweight patients develop postoperative pulmonary complications more often than non-obese patients.
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Eight different epidural needles (Tuohy Everett, Pitkin, Braun Perifix and Portex in 16-gauge, and Becton Dickinson Crawford, Becton Dickinson B-D, Monoject and Portex in 18-gauge) were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope and spectral x-ray analysis. Differences were noted in the metal composition, between disposable and reusable needles with respect to molybdenum content. ⋯ The Portex 16-gauge had the best needle/stilette fit at its bevel. The hardness of the metal was found to be satisfactory in all the needles.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1987
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPropofol vs thiopentone as anaesthetic agents for short operative procedures.
In a randomized open study, 120 healthy female patients were included. For short gynaecological procedures they were anaesthetized with either propofol 2.5 mg X kg-1 (n = 60) or thiopentone 5 mg X kg-1 (n = 60) in combination with nitrous oxide/oxygen (67%/33%). Supplementary doses of propofol (10-20 mg) or thiopentone (25-50 mg) were given when necessary during the procedure. ⋯ Otherwise, the side-effects were similar in both groups. We conclude that propofol is similar to thiopentone in its anaesthetic qualities during induction and maintenance of short anaesthetic procedures. Propofol was associated with a more rapid emergence from anaesthesia than thiopentone.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1987
Comparative StudyHeating efficacy of external heat supply during and after open-heart surgery with hypothermia.
Heat balance after cardiac surgery with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was studied in 156 patients. In spite of rewarming during CPB there was residual hypothermia at the end of operation. This heat deficit could not be prevented by intraoperative use of a heating mattress at 38 degrees C and/or heated (39 degrees C) humidified inspired gases. ⋯ Also, with this radiant heat postoperative shivering was almost abolished. With a combination of radiant heat and heated, humidified gases (n = 50), the postoperative heat balance was improved somewhat further. For patients treated with radiant heat, postoperative rewarming was accomplished in a shorter time and almost without active endogenous muscular thermogenesis, as was evident by the great reduction in postoperative shivering.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1987
Comparative StudyIntermittent and continuous positive-pressure ventilation in the prophylaxis of endotoxin-induced lung insufficiency. A study in pigs.
The effects of intermittent and continuous positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV and CPPV) instituted prophylactically were evaluated in a porcine model of endotoxin-induced pulmonary and cardiovascular failure. Pigs under ketamine anaesthesia were infused i.v. with E. coli endotoxin over 6 h. Twenty animals, breathing air spontaneously, received endotoxin without treatment. ⋯ All animals treated with CPPV died during the observation period. These results indicate that prophylactic IPPV and CPPV may counteract the development of sepsis-induced lung insufficiency in man. However, it must be emphasized that adequate cardiovascular support is essential in optimizing the treatment.