Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1988
Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialEfficacy of 0.3 mg morphine intrathecally in preventing tourniquet pain during spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine.
Tourniquet-induced pain is probably mediated by C-fibres. The ability of morphine to interrupt this nociceptive conduction was studied in a double-blind fashion by administering either morphine 0.3 mg or saline intrathecally along with hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg for spinal anaesthesia in 40 patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery on the lower extremity. The block characteristics were similar in both groups. ⋯ The remaining 12 patients in the morphine group had pain responses similar to those patients not given morphine. Intrathecal morphine provides a level of prophylaxis against tourniquet pain. However, the dosage employed here was associated with urinary and emetic side-effects.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1988
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPremedication with intramuscular dixyrazine: (Esucos). A controlled double-blind comparison with morphine-scopolamine and placebo.
Ninety patients scheduled for general or orthopaedic surgical procedures were randomly assigned to receive one of three i.m. premedications: dixyrazine 0.5 mg kg-1; morphine 0.15 mg kg-1 and scopolamine 0.0065 mg kg-1; or placebo. The premedication was administered and evaluated in a double-blind fashion. The patients were anaesthetized with thiopentone, fentanyl, pancuronium, and ventilated with nitrous oxide in oxygen. ⋯ Morphine-scopolamine caused more postoperative dizziness than dixyrazine and placebo. Lack of recall was produced by both morphine-scopolamine and dixyrazine. It is concluded that premedication with dixyrazine is a useful alternative, especially in patients who have previously experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting.