Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPerformance characteristics of a novel reusable intermediate-volume low-pressure cuffed endotracheal tube.
To evaluate the performance of the reusable intermediate-volume low-pressure cuffed "Super Safety Yellow" (Willy Rüsch AG, P.O. Box 1620, D-71332 Waiblingen, Germany) endotracheal tube with regard to cuff seal, tube tip position, and incidence of postoperative throat complaints. The "Super Safety Yellow" was compared with the "Super Safety Clear" (W. Rüsch AG), the "lo-pro (Mallinckrodt Laboratories, Cornamady, Athlone County, Ireland), and the "red rubber" (W. Rüsch AG) tubes. ⋯ Although resembling the "red rubber" tube in the incidence of postoperative throat complaints, the "Super Safety Yellow" may be an alternative to the currently used disposable tubes in anaesthesia. Its performance is comparable with regard to cuff seal and intra-cuff pressure. Additionally, it helps in reducing PVC waste and may lessen costs.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 1994
Brain energy metabolism and blood flow during sevoflurane and halothane anesthesia: effects of hypocapnia and blood pressure fluctuations.
The effects of halothane and sevoflurane on cat brain energy metabolism and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were evaluated during normo- and hypocapnia. Brain energy status was evaluated with phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and rCBF was measured by the hydrogen clearance method. A high concentration of halothane (3 MAC) impaired brain energy metabolism, while even a higher concentration of sevoflurane (4 MAC) had no untoward effect on brain energy metabolism. ⋯ We conclude that hyperventilation and fluctuating blood pressure contribute to the occurrence of abnormal brain energy metabolism during halothane and sevoflurane anesthesia. This is more pronounced with halothane than with sevoflurane. The hypocapnia-induced abnormality during exposure to 2 MAC of either agent was due to decreased CBF associated with low perfusion pressure, indicating that there was no direct effect of these anesthetics on cerebral energy metabolism.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialLocal analgesic and vascular effects of intradermal ropivacaine and bupivacaine in various concentrations with and without addition of adrenaline in man.
Ropivacaine, a new long-acting amino-amide local anaesthetic agent, and bupivacaine, in various concentrations with or without addition of adrenaline, were tested in a randomized, double-blind study using intradermal wheals. Ten non-smoking, healthy, young male volunteers participated. In series I plain solutions of ropivacaine (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) and bupivacaine (0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75%) were injected intradermally and in series II the same concentrations, with the addition of adrenaline 5 ug.ml-1 (1:200,000), were used. ⋯ Local blanching (pale) was significantly more frequent for plain solutions of ropivacaine, in all tested concentrations. Local redness (pink) was significantly more frequent with plain bupivacaine, in a dose-dependent relation. An initial redness was frequently observed for both local anaesthetics containing adrenaline, followed by blanching at most sites.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 1994
Comparative StudyDiclofenac sodium versus fentanyl for analgesia in laparoscopic sterilization.
The effectiveness of an anaesthetic technique employing diclofenac sodium as an analgesic given preoperatively by intramuscular injection was compared against one employing intravenous fentanyl in patients undergoing laparoscopic sterilization. Postoperative pain was marked and both drugs provided partial relief only. ⋯ These findings suggest that neither drug provides sufficient analgesia for laparoscopic sterilization when given as a sole analgesic. Investigation of a combined analgesic technique employing morphine and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is warranted.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 1994
Comparative StudyComparative histopathology of epidural hydrogel and silicone elastomer catheters following 30 and 180 days implant in the ewe.
New catheter materials, termed Hydrogels, have been developed recently that are stiff until exposed to hydration. The purpose of this study was to compare the 30 and 180 day histopathology of catheters composed of a common silicone elastomer versus a Hydrogel elastomer blend (HEB). Epidural catheters composed of either silicone or HEB were implanted in 19 yearling ewes for either 30 or 180 days. ⋯ The HEB catheter was easily inserted with standard epidural needles facilitated by the inherent stiffness of the catheter prior to hydration. HEB catheters remained patent throughout 30 days of saline injections per implanted ports. Silicone catheters demonstrated increased fibrosis relative to the HEB catheter material in the epidural space and in subcutaneous tissue.