Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEfficacy of EMLA cream prior to dorsal penile nerve block for circumcision in children.
While circumcision may be performed solely with dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB), some painful steps in its use are skin needle penetration and infiltration of the anesthetic product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of EMLA cream, prior to DPNB for circumcision in children. ⋯ Since the dorsal penile nerves are located under the Buck's fascia, topical anesthesia may not reach them and other techniques may be necessary to anesthetize them. We found that although EMLA cream is efficient as a topical anesthesia during needle penetration for DPNB, it has no beneficial effect during infiltration.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of subhypnotic doses of thiopentone vs propofol on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting following middle ear surgery.
Middle ear surgery is associated with a high incidence of emetic sequelae and propofol has been reported to have antiemetic activity in subhypnotic doses. ⋯ Propofol at a subhypnotic dose of 0.5 mg.kg-1 provides prophylaxis against retching and vomiting for the first 6 h postoperatively after middle ear surgery. The incidence of nausea was not reduced by propofol.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1998
Hypertonic saline and dextran in normovolaemic and hypovolaemic healthy volunteers increases interstitial and intravascular fluid volumes.
Hypertonic saline (HS) is increasingly used for fluid resuscitation in hypovolaemic patients. Although the effects of HS have been investigated in animal models, controlled studies in healthy human individuals are few. ⋯ HSD infusion resulted in increased calculated blood volume with increased HR, MAP, and CVP. These effects were greater in a hypovolaemic situation. The haemodilution was most likely caused by fluid shifts from the intracellular compartment to the interstitial and vascular fluid spaces, eventually increasing diuresis.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPrevention of nausea and vomiting in female patients undergoing breast surgery: a comparison with granisetron, droperidol, metoclopramide and placebo.
Breast surgery is associated with a relatively high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for preventing PONV after breast surgery. ⋯ Granisetron is highly effective for reducing the incidence of PONV in female patients undergoing breast surgery. Droperidol and metoclopramide are ineffective in this population.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEffects of propofol vs isoflurane on respiratory gas exchange during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Respiratory function and pulmonary gas exchange are affected in laparoscopic procedures where a pneumoperitoneum is introduced using CO2. Previous studies have shown differing results concerning pulmonary gas exchange during laparoscopic procedures: Whereas in patients undergoing isoflurane anaesthesia decreases in PaO2 are demonstrated, this factor remains unchanged in patients undergoing propofol anaesthesia. In the present study, the effects of propofol on pulmonary gas exchange were compared with those of isoflurane in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a prospective randomised manner. ⋯ This study demonstrates that pulmonary gas exchange in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy is affected by the choice of anaesthetic procedure. During and after laparoscopic cholecystectomy using isoflurane as the anaesthetic, the PaCO2 is significantly higher and the PaO2 significantly lower than they are with propofol.