Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThoracic epidural analgesia as an adjunct to general anaesthesia for cardiac surgery. Effects on pulmonary mechanics.
A lasting impairment of pulmonary function is common after cardiac surgery. Pain from the sternotomy may contribute to the impairment. Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) can efficiently relieve pain in the postoperative phase, but may also affect respiratory muscle function if local anaesthetics are used. We examined the effects of TEA on pulmonary function and ventilation at rest, before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). ⋯ A better pain-relief from TEA after CABG may improve the ability to cough by a greater expiratory muscle strength. FVC, FEV1, PImax and breathing at rest are not affected by TEA after cardiac surgery.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPharmacokinetics of 0.2% ropivacaine and 0.2% bupivacaine following caudal blocks in children.
Ropivacaine is the first S-enantiomer aminoamide local anaesthetic in clinical use, and has been found to be less toxic than bupivacaine. Caudal ropivacine has been shown to cause less motor blockade and longer duration of analgesia in the postoperative period than bupivacaine in children. Plasma levels of ropivacaine and bupivacaine have not been previously compared in children. This study was undertaken to compare the total venous plasma concentrations of similar doses of ropivacaine and bupivacaine following caudal administration. ⋯ Absorption and tissue distribution of ropivacaine is slower than for bupivacaine following caudal administration in children.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialElectrical stimulation of the vestibular system prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Electrical stimulation of the vestibular system may prevent nausea and vomiting. We studied the influence of transcutaneous impulse stimulation in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following gynaecological surgery. ⋯ This study suggests that electrical stimulation of the vestibular system may be useful in prevention of PONV.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 2000
Case ReportsHemidiaphragmatic paresis after interscalene supplementation of insufficient axillary block with 3 mL of 2% mepivacaine.
Breathing difficulty, agitation, and confusion developed in a 55-year-old male, ASA classification group III with a non-small-cell lung cancer 10 min after interscalene supplementation of insufficient axillary block with 3 mL of 2% mepivacaine with adrenaline 5 microg mL(-1). After administration of thiopentone and suxamethonium the patient's trachea was intubated and the lungs were ventilated with oxygen-enriched air. ⋯ Postoperatively, the patient was somnolent and hypercapnic, but maintained satisfactory oxygenation while breathing spontaneously and was extubated. Both the temporal relationship of events and the regression of all symptoms within three hours suggest that 3 mL of mepivacaine with adrenaline injected into the interscalene space blocked the phrenic nerve and compromised diaphragmatic function, which precipitated the respiratory failure.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 2000
Selective and segmentally restricted antinociception induced by MPV-2426, a novel alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonist, following intrathecal administration in the rat.
MPV-2426 (radolmidine) is a novel alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonist developed for spinal pain therapy. In the present study we determined the segmental distribution and selectivity of the antinociceptive effect induced by MPV-2426 following i.t. administration in rats. ⋯ MPV-2426 produces a selective and segmentally more restricted antinociceptive effect than dexmedetomidine following i.t. administration. The antinoception induced by MPV-2426 is due to action on spinal alpha-2-adrenoceptors.