Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialClonidine vs. midazolam as premedication in children undergoing adeno-tonsillectomy: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.
Clonidine administration in the setting of paediatric anaesthesia is associated with a number of desirable effects, e.g. preoperative sedation, analgesia and reduced anaesthetic requirements. The aim of the current study was to compare postoperative outcome variables using a prospective, randomized, double-blind design after premedication with clonidine or midazolam. ⋯ Rectal premedication with clonidine was associated with a significant reduction of pain in the early postoperative period compared to midazolam and was also associated with moderately increased sedation during the first 24 postoperative hours. The sedative effect of clonidine is in agreement with the unambiguous finding of a parental preference for a calm and sedated child during the first 24 postoperative hours.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialRocuronium attenuates oculocardiac reflex during squint surgery in children anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide.
The oculocardiac reflex (OCR) may be activated during squint surgery. The aim of this study was to test whether rocuronium 0.4 mg kg(-1) could reduce the frequency of OCR, and also whether a single dose of succinylcholine 1 mg kg(-1) could affect the frequency of OCR during anesthesia with halothane in a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture. ⋯ Rocuronium reduced the frequency of OCR, mainly by reducing the incidence of supraventricular and ventricular premature beats.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 2004
The 118 A > G polymorphism in the human mu-opioid receptor gene may increase morphine requirements in patients with pain caused by malignant disease.
Dispositions for genes encoding opioid receptors may explain some variability in morphine efficacy. Experimental studies show that morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide are less effective in individuals carrying variant alleles caused by the 118 A > G polymorphism in the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1). The purpose of the study was to investigate whether this and other genetic polymorphisms in OPRM1 influence the efficacy of morphine in cancer pain patients. ⋯ Patients homozygous for the 118 G allele of the mu-opioid receptor need higher morphine doses to achieve pain control. Thus, genetic variation at the gene encoding the mu-opioid receptor contributes to variability in patients' responses to morphine.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialMethylprednisolone intravenously 1 day after surgery has sustained analgesic and opioid-sparing effects.
In previous studies on glucocorticoids for postoperative pain, the test drug has been given perioperatively, usually before measurement of baseline pain. In order to evaluate the time course and magnitude of the analgesic effect of a glucocorticoid in well-established postoperative pain, we compared methylprednisolone with ketorolac and placebo, after assessment of baseline pain on the first postoperative day. ⋯ Methylprednisolone 125 mg i.v. 1 day after surgery gave similar early reduction of pain as i.v. ketorolac 30 mg. Less pain than placebo 24 h after methylprednisolone, and lower opioid consumption for 72 h compared with ketorolac and placebo indicate sustained analgesic effects of methylprednisolone.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialDixyrazine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
The study assessed the efficacy and safety of dixyrazine, an alternative neuroleptic drug to droperidol, in the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). ⋯ Prophylactic dixyrazine is an effective, safe, and cheap antiemetic drug for laparoscopic cholecystectomy without involving any significant adverse events.