Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Apr 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialClonidine as an adjuvant for lidocaine in axillary brachial plexus block in patients with chronic renal failure.
Clonidine is often used as an adjuvant for local anaesthetics in regional anaesthesia; however, its effects on axillary block in chronic renal failure patients have not been investigated. These effects were the focus of this study. ⋯ Use of clonidine (150 microg) as adjuvant for lidocaine in axillary blocks for arteriovenous fistula construction in chronic renal failure patients prolongs blockade, decreases both heart rates and blood pressures and provides sedative effects.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Apr 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialImproved analgesia with clonidine when added to local anesthetic during combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for hip arthroplasty: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study.
The perioperative effects of intrathecal and epidural clonidine combined with local anesthetic were evaluated in 60 patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. ⋯ Low-dose intrathecal clonidine provided a better quality of anesthesia and longer-lasting analgesia. Epidural clonidine-ropivacaine infusion resulted in improved postoperative analgesia but was associated with a moderate decrease in blood pressure.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Apr 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialFeasibility of electromyography (sEMG) in measuring muscular activity during spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty.
Bromage scale (0-3) is used to measure the degree of motor block during spinal anaesthesia. However, an estimation of motor block is difficult during surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of surface EMG describing spontaneous muscular activity in the lower extremities during spinal anaesthesia. ⋯ Stable maximal sensory block does not necessarily correlate with adequate motor block in patients receiving spinal anaesthesia induced with small bolus doses. In spite of electrical noise, EMG-guided administration of spinal anaesthesia significantly reduced the amount of bupivacaine compared to the hospital routine. Further studies are needed to develop the method.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Apr 2005
Cardiopulmonary bypass in humans--jejunal mucosal perfusion increases in parallel with well-maintained microvascular hematocrit.
An imbalance between splanchnic oxygen supply and demand occurs during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in man, which might disrupt the intestinal mucosal barrier function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of mild hypothermic CPB on intestinal mucosal perfusion in man undergoing cardiac surgery. Additionally we aimed to identify variables, which independently could predict changes of intestinal mucosal microcirculatory variables during CPB. ⋯ The increase in RBC velocity and enhanced arteriolar vasomotion, as well as maintained jejunal mucosal hematocrit, are microcirculatory, compensatory mechanisms for the splanchic oxygen supply/demand mismatch seen during cardiopulmonary bypass in humans.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Apr 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEfficacy of sufentanil addition to ropivacaine epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section.
This prospective double-blind trial evaluated the effect of sufentanil addition to epidural ropivacaine for elective Caesarean section. ⋯ Our results suggest that addition of 20 microg of sufentanil improved the epidural anaesthesia with ropivacaine 0.75% for Caesarean section.