Journal of paediatrics and child health
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The pathogenesis of chronic neonatal lung disease involves the combined iatrogenic insults of oxygen toxicity and barotrauma in addition to lung inflammation. Newer ventilator strategies using smaller tidal volumes (3-7 mL/kg) in order to avoid overdistension, higher positive end-respiratory pressure and lower peak inspiratory pressures decrease barotrauma. Earlier reduction of FiO2 through the use of surfactant, high frequency ventilation and nitric oxide reduce oxygen toxicity. Other measures include careful fluid balance, avoidance of prolonged paralysis and early steroids to decrease inflammation.
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To define the bowel habits of healthy Australian children aged up to 2 years. ⋯ Mean stool frequency decreased with age as did the variation. This is a combined effect of age and feed type. These data can be used as a guide to the bowel habit of healthy Australian children.