Journal of paediatrics and child health
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J Paediatr Child Health · Feb 1997
A national study of risk factors associated with mortality in very low birthweight infants in the Malaysian neonatal intensive care units. Malaysian Very Low Birth Weight Study Group.
To determine the risk factors associated with mortality in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NIUC) in Malaysia. ⋯ The mortality of VLBW infants admitted to the Malaysian NICU was high and was also associated with a number of preventable risk factors.
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The pathogenesis of chronic neonatal lung disease involves the combined iatrogenic insults of oxygen toxicity and barotrauma in addition to lung inflammation. Newer ventilator strategies using smaller tidal volumes (3-7 mL/kg) in order to avoid overdistension, higher positive end-respiratory pressure and lower peak inspiratory pressures decrease barotrauma. Earlier reduction of FiO2 through the use of surfactant, high frequency ventilation and nitric oxide reduce oxygen toxicity. Other measures include careful fluid balance, avoidance of prolonged paralysis and early steroids to decrease inflammation.
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To define the bowel habits of healthy Australian children aged up to 2 years. ⋯ Mean stool frequency decreased with age as did the variation. This is a combined effect of age and feed type. These data can be used as a guide to the bowel habit of healthy Australian children.
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J Paediatr Child Health · Oct 1996
Bacterial colonization of indwelling vascular catheters in newborn infants.
To determine the incidence of bacterial colonization of intravascular catheters, to compare the incidence of colonization of intra-arterial (IA), intravenous (IV) and central venous catheters (CVC), and to determine the association, if any, between catheter withdrawal and bacterial sepsis. ⋯ Although significant numbers of intravascular catheters were colonized with bacteria, only colonization with the external surface was associated with catheter-related sepsis.
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Circumcision has been the traditional treatment for phimosis, but now is not the only management option, the best of which appears to be topical steroid application. Importantly, the literature suggests that phimosis probably is over-diagnosed, indicating that a prospective, randomized controlled study is needed to compare the non-circumcision options. Such a study would require consensus on the diagnostic criteria for phimosis; therefore, a more exacting definition would be needed and is suggested. Despite the non-controlled data on medical treatment of true phimosis, there seems little doubt that surgical intervention is not needed for all male infants with adherence of the foreskin to the glans, a non-retractable foreskin or, indeed, true phimosis.