International journal of STD & AIDS
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Enrolment of 22,000 adolescent women to cancer registry follow-up for long-term human papillomavirus vaccine efficacy: guarding against guessing.
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs, most notably types 16 and 18) cause cervical carcinoma, the second most common cancer among women. Vaccination of adolescents against HPV16/18 might prevent large proportion of cervical and other anogenital cancers. However, because of ethical reasons this cannot be proven by clinical studies. ⋯ VE of 70% against CIS+ with 80% power requires 3357-3189 HPV16/18 vaccine recipients, 3357-3189 other vaccine recipients, and 6714-9567 unvaccinated controls. We have now enrolled 2404 HPV16/18 vaccine recipients, 2404 hepatitis A-vaccine recipients, and 5130 unvaccinated controls. This enrolment in addition to our earlier enrolment in another phase III trial guarantees enough power so that by 2020 we can ultimately provide data on the efficacy of HPV16/18 vaccination against CIS+.
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We present a case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an HIV-infected man, resulting in Escherichia coli meningitis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Recent evidence from studies of strongyloides development supports the concept that strongyloides dissemination in this case is an example of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.